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This file (Proszynski 2024 - Salticidae genera of the world) is a scrollable e-textbook on a series of about 100 linked html pages that may be opened in any internet browser. For this to work, you must download all of the contents of the folder, including the HTML pages and folders containing linked illustrations, and you must maintain their relative position in the folder.

Proszynski's Salticidae (Araneae)
Genera of the World**/
vol. I - diversity of genera


 Chapter 01

Introduction and Guide to Genera
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As a whole, this scrollable e-textbook is © 2024 Jerzy Prószynski and its use and distribution is authorized unded a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International deed (CC BY 4.0). This deed also applies to illustrations within the scrollable e-textbook that are attributed to Jerzy Prószynski, or not attributed. The copyright for the other illustrations contained in this document are retained by the original sources, and permission for their reuse in any form must be obtained from the respective copyright holders.

Navigating trough this scrollable e-textbook in search for diagnostic characters of genera

To find genera:
1) - by instant electronic - hitting links (over 640) provided in the Index at the bottom of the title page [when HTML file is opened in a browser program];
2 - by slow scrolling - follow provided morphological features (mainly genitalic characters):
- - - - in the first step - start scrolling from the "searching chapters" section in this this Introductory - links at the selected diagram will bring you instantly
_________________to the demanded chapter ("informal supra groups of genera");
- -- - in the second step - after entering chapter - scroll following drawings of genera (arranged in alphabetical order), or use links at the top of a chapter;
3 - by using computer "searching for words" facility within the whole volume, or within individual chapters;
4 - to get additional information on species diversity - go to correlated chapter in the vol. II- by hitting link at the genus name (chapters are arranged in pairs: _________________ a) genera and b) relevant species - these are interconected by network of links at each genus level).
These ways of searching have advantage of finding requested genus independently of beliefs of particular authors, their use helps in memorizing and understanding the taxonomic layout of Salticidae.

Guide to "groups" and "supra groups" (informal) of Salticidae genera [= Chapters 1-40]
This chapter attempts to help in orientation in morphological diversity of 680 genera and ca. 4800 recognizable Salticidae species of the world. User is advised to compare main characters (palps and spermathecae) of the identified specimen with exemplary drawings shown in the right column of the chart below, and then use links to go to the chapters dealing with particular supra groups and groups of genera.
Nomenclature in the chapters below follows Prószyński, J. (2017b). Pragmatic classification of the world's Salticidae (Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina 12: 1-133. With subsequent amendments.
CHRYSILLOIDA

HYLLOIDA

AMYCOIDA



MYRMARACHNOIDA


EUOPHRYOIDA		 UNCLAS-SIFIED


LYSSOMANOIDA
 "Pending placement"
Plate 15. Graphic symbols facilitating orientation throughout this scrollable e-textbook.
Pre-selector of comparative plates of Salticidae genera [= Chapters 1-40]
[Upon entering each chapter find the line of links to genera at the top therein: Contents of this page and facility for searching]
Names of groups, genera and species written in CAPITAL LETTERS are modified to avoid mistakes
with their versions shown in the World Spider Catalog.
SOURCES of illustrations displayed in this GUIDE are quoted in relevant chapters, further in the text.
CHRYSILLOIDA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I - MALE. Embolus develops as direct extension of tegular tegument of bulbus, antero-lateral angle of spermatofor emerges parallel to embolus.
FEMALE. Spermathecae and ducts simple, both sclerotized.

 

 

 

 

 

I - Informal supragroup
CHRYSILLOIDA

 

 

 

CHRYSILLINES ICIINESSIMAETHINES HELIOPHANINES HOLOPLATINES, COLONINES
CHRYSILLOIDA
Plate 16. Comparative plate CHRYSILLINES
Plate 17. Comparative plate ICIINES
,
Plate 18 . Comparative plate SIMAETHINES
Plate 19. Comparative plate HELIOPHANINES,

 

Plate 20. Comparative plate HOLOPLATINES
Plate 21 . Comparative plate COLONINES [Gedea ???]
II - HYLLOIDA

 

 

MALE. Embolus arises from bulbus (independently of tegulum and beneath it) and runs parallel to bulbus, in some cases encircling it. No visible central loop of spermatophor.
FEMALE. Internal structure of epigyne: ducts make complicated loops, in some genera soft walled, in other heavily sclerotized.

 

II - Informal supragroup
HYLLOIDA
.

 

 

 

II - Informal supragroup BAVIINES +controversial EVARCHINES HABRONATTINES HARMOCHIRINES Huntiglennia HYLLINES Marchena PELLENINES PSEUDICIINES Ptocasius Tasa Yaginumaella YLLENINES

Plate 22. Comparative plate HYLLOIDA and HYLLINES
Plate 23 Comparative plate EVARCHINES
Plate 24 . Comparative plate HABRONATTINES

Plate 25. Comparative plate HARMOCHIRINES
Plate 26. Comparative plate PELLENINES
Plate 27. Comparative plate PSEUDICIINES Huntiglennia, Marchena and Tasa
Plate 28. Comparative drawings Yaginumaella & Ptocasius
>
Plate 29 . Comparative plate YLLENINES males
Plate 30. Comparative plate YLLENINES females
Plate 31. Comparative plate BAVIINES - recognizable by body shape and - BAVIINES_selected_controversial
III - AMYCOIDA

III - AMYCOIDA

Cheliceral tooth usually comb-like (several cusps arising from mutual sclerotized basis) either on single cheliceral edge or both.

MALE. Embolus arises from bulbus (as in the previous group), but spermophor makes distinct loop in the center of bulbus.
FEMALE. Spermathecae consist of two swellings, sometimes developed as chambers, ducts joining them at connector, narrower between swelling, ducts less sclerotized but not membranous, making loose loop or tight spiral.

 

III - Informal supragroup
AMYCOIDA

AMYCINES AMYCOIDA VARIA SARINDES SITTICINES
Plate32. Comparative plate AMYCINES

Plate { 33]= 39A [= . Comparative plate SARINDES
[Replaced to MYRMARACHNOIDA (BELOW) because of distant similarity of spermathecae [diverse "parallel-spermathecoida ] - transfer tentative!
Plate 34 . Comparative plate SITTICINES
--------------
Plate 35. Comparative plate AMYCOIDA VARIA - assemblage of unrelated genera
IV - MYRMARACHNOIDA("parallel-spermathecoida")

IV - Majority of species display mimicry (sometimes over-interpreted) to various ants, or other insects, but in some genera that is not developed.
FEMALE. Delimited by exceptional internal structure of epigyne with striking pair of parallel, sclerotized "pipes"-like spermathecae, running medially along epigyne, with complicated membranous ducts (visible only if stained on cleared preparation) ,
MALE. Palps relatively uniform within groups - see respective drawings

IV - Informal supragroup
MYRMARACHNOIDA
("parallel-spermathecoida")

 

BELIPPINES LIGONIPEINES MYRMARACHNINES


Plate 36 . Comparative plate MYRMARACHNINES - male and females

Plate 37. Comparative plate MYRMARACHNINES - females


Plate 38. Comparative plate LIGONIPEINES


Plate 39. Comparative plate BELIPPINES
Plate = 39A [= 33] . Comparative plate SARINDES
[Replaced to MYRMARACHNOIDA because similarity [distant!] of spermathecae [diverse "parallel-spermathecoida ] - transfer tentative!]
V - EUOPHRYOIDA ("distal-haematodochoida")

V - MALE. Embolus sitting on inflatable distal haematodocha (visible after expanding bulbus), which seems to increase mobility of embolus during insemination.*/

*/ FOOTNOTE. Inflatable distal haematodocha was initially observed in DENDRYPHANTINES and EUOPHRYINES, now confirmed (or supposed - pending confirmation) in several groups of genera. It is associated with various secondary features (like coiled embolus and meandering spermatofor). Broad occurrence and diversity make it convenient structural character for delimiting group of genera. Parallel, its occurrence in one of the oldest genera known - <em>Hispo</em>, permits hypothesize that &quot;distal-haematodochoida&quot; may constitute a block of similar, possibly related genera of Salticidae.


FEMALE. Spermathecae and ducts differs in each group (see in respective chapters), ducts are generally hard but less sclerotized than spermathecae.

V - Informal supragroup EUOPHRYOIDA
("distal-haematodochoida")

AEURILLINES BALLINES DRYPHANTINES EUOPHRYINES A-D --- EUOPHRYINES E-P --- EUOPHRYINES R-Z EUODENINES
HISPONINES=see HISPONINES
Plate 40. Comparative plate EUOPHRYINES A-D - EUOPHRYINES E-P - EUOPHRYINES R-Z
Plate 41. Comparative plate EUODENINES

Plate 42 . Comparative plate BALLINES
Plate 43. Comparative plate DENDRYPHANTINES
Plate 44 . Comparative plate AEURILLINES.
VI - Genera not yet classified into supragroup

These groups of genera do not share mutual characters, their placement is uncertain. For characters of particular groups - see relevant chapters.

 

 

 

VI - Genera not classified
into supragroup

 

 

COCALODESINES DIOLENINES EUPOAINES HISPONINES LAPSIINES MENEMERINES SOBASINES SPARTAEINES SYNAGELINES THIRATOSCIRTINAE

Plate 45. Comparative plate MENEMERINES
Plate 46 . Comparative plate SPARTAEINES
Plate 47. Comparative plate DIOLENINES
Plate 48 . Comparative plate SOBASINES
Plate 49 . Comparative plate SYNAGELINES
Plate 50. Comparative plate ASTIAINES
Plate 51. Comparative plate LAPSIINES and COCALODESINES
Plate 52. Comparative plate EUPOAINES males
Plate 53. Comparative plate EUPOAINES - females
Plate 54. Comparative plate HISPONINES

Plate 55. Comparative plate THIRATOSCIRTINAE [provisional African group of genera, pending furture studies]
VII - LYSSOMANOIDA ----- NON[?]- Salticidae

VII - Eyes arranged into four rows in both sexes (not exclusive character of this group, sporadically in other groups, sometimes developed as intermediate state)
MALE - complicated palp structure
FEMALE - epigyne diverse, in some complicated, in other simple, poorly known



VII - Informal supragroup LYSSOMANOIDA
- NON[?]-Salticidae

ASEMONEINES LYSSOMANINES ONOMASTINES

Plate 56 . Comparative plate LYSSOMANINES
Plate 57. Comparative plate ASEMONEINES
Plate 58. Comparative plate ONOMASTINES
VIII - Genera pending placement
because of insufficient morphological data.

?
"Genera pending placement"

See diagnostic drawings of these genera
in the Chapter "Genera pending placement"
FOSSILS Hisponinae
______________________

Hisponinae Baltic amber Salticidae.©Photo, D.E. Hill,2013. Peckhamia 107.1: 3, pl 3. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by his courtesy.