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Proszynski's Salticidae (Araneae)
Genera of the World

vol. I - diversity of genera

Chapter 14

AMYCOIDA and AMYCINES
informal group of genera

Correlated chapter vol II
-
Species diversity in AMYCOIDA

As a whole, this e-book is © 2024 Jerzy Prószynski and its use and distribution is authorized unded a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International deed (CC BY 4.0). This deed also applies to illustrations within the e-book that are attributed to Jerzy Prószynski, or not attributed. The copyright for the other illustrations contained in this document are retained by the original sources, and permission for their reuse in any form must be obtained from the respective copyright holders.

symbol of the supragroup HYLLOIDA

Examples of main diagnostic characters of AMYCINES
Plate 312. A-B - Amycus flavicomis, C - Amycus sp. .
SOURCE: A-B - Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23 (66): 292-293, t 7, f 8-10, C - Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 231–292, f. 53-44. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.

AMYCOIDA - informal supragroup of genera.

Definition. Tentatively delimited supragroup of genera of Salticidae, having usually naked embolus, arising directly from bulbus and with spermophor following margin of bulbus, like in HYLLOIDA, but with additional, "S" resembling loop of spermophor in the center of bulbus. Bulbus itself is round or oval, epigyne with thin walled. often membranous ducts, usually bent loop-like, spermathecae oval, sclerotized. Many genera have multicusp, comb like cheliceral tooth on either retrolateral or prolateral edge of chelicerae, rarely on both.
Current progress. We owe interpretation of this supragroup to Maddison and it seems generally convincing, especially in placing SITTICINES inside it. Maddison (2015) divided AMYCOIDA into 9 tribes, leaving two more genera unclassified, since Maddison does not provide morphological definition of these poorly known groups I cannot report details of that proposal. I recommend readers to watch for further publications by Maddison and to draw own conclusions on merits of that divisions. (Written in 2016)



AMYCINES
informal group of genera

One of three tentatively delimited groups of genera of AMYCOIDA (as defined by Maddison 2015): AMYCINES, SARINDES and SITTICINES - for particulars of diagnostic characters see this and following chapters. The chapter on AMYCOIDA VARIA is at the moment loose assemblage of genera, wirhout suggestionss how should they be further suvdivided.

Gen. Amycus Koch C.L., 1846
Type species Amycus igneus [sp. inquirenda].
Reference species Amycus flavicomis Simon, 1900 (12 species)
See species diversity in vol. II at Amycus

See more species in vol. 2 at Amycus
Plate 313. A-B - Amycus flavicomis [note presence of patellar apophysis], C - Amycus sp.
SOURCE: A-B - Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23 (66): 292-293, t 7, f 8-10, C - Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 231–292, f. 53-44. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Asaracus C. L. Koch, 1846
Type species Asaracus megacephalus (5 species))
See more species in vol. 2 Asaracus
Plate 314. A- Asaracus megacephalus Holotype, Mus. Berlin No. 1687), B - same, epigyne (soft tissues not cleared), C - same, habitus.
SOURCE: A- Proszynski 1984a. Atlas rysunków diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Rolniczo-Pedagogiczne,  Siedlce: 164, B - Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036(1): 23, f. 4Plate 33X. A-J. ©Magnolia Press, C - © Photo Gasnier & Azevedo. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy


Gen. Atelurius Simon, 1901
Type species Atelurius segmentatus (2 species)
Plate 315. Atelurius segmentatus.
SOURCE: Galiano M.E. 1988a. J. Arachnology, 15: 290, figs16-17. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Cheliceroides Zabka, 1985
Type species Cheliceroides longipalpis (1? species)

See species diversity in vol. II at Cheliceroides

 


Verification of congeneric status of Cheliceroides and Colopsus
D E
Plate XXX. A-B - Cheliceroides longipalpis, C - said to be matching female [how identified?], D - for comparison: Colopsus cacancelatus - type species of Colopsus, as drawn by Prószyński in 1976, E - evolution of Colopsus cancellatus between 1976 and 2021 - as documented by Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2021 - really similar !!!
SOURCE: A-B - Zabka M. 1985. Ann. zool.ogici, 39, 11: 210, f 76-80, C >- Peng, Xie 1993: 81, f 5-10 . Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2021: 2776, f. 3a-h, 4a-f, 5a-e, 6a-b, 7a, d . Logunov, D. V. (2021e). Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of the Na Hang Nature Reserve, Tuyen Quang Province, Vietnam. Arachnology 18(9): 1021-1055 E. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Comment: Logunov, 2021: 1024, f. 2-16. endorsed trensfer Cheliceroides longipalpis to the genus Colopsus (see copies of documentary drawings above). Satisfied of his performance as a taxonomis he has dropped to a bazaar, where, according to Rusian popular song ... "Dima! Dima! Gde ty był - na bazaarie riumku pił, vypił riumku, vypił dva, zakatiłaś gołova".
ATTENTION: Lin, L., Yang, Z. Y. & Zhang, J. X. (2024), in an excellent paper in ZooKeys 1196: 243-253 reconfirmed separate status of Cheliceroides longipalpis and Colopsus cacancelatus, synonymized (see above) by Logunov, 2021e: 1024, f. 2-16.


Gen. Cylistella Simon, 1901
Type species Cylistella cuprea (7 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Cylistella
Plate 317. A- Cylistella cuprea, B-D - Cylistella sp. general appearance as well as epigyne and its area, E - Cylistella scarabaeoides.
SOURCE: A- Galiano, M. E. (1963a) Physis, Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales (C) 23: .340, pl. XVI, f. 18-20, B-D - © Photo Gasnier & Azeved, E - Chickering 1946. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 97: 396 f. 350-356. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.
COMMENT: According to Maddison (2015: 276) Cylistella is placed together with Erica in SIMONELLINI.


Gen. Druzia Ruiz & Brescovit, 2013
Type species Druzia flavostriata.) (1 species)
Plate 318. A-D - Druzia flavostriata
SOURCE: A-C - Ruiz, Brescovit 2013. Zootaxa 3664 (4): 401–433, f 17, 95-100, Plate 33X. A-C - Edwards, Rinaldi, Ruiz 2005. Biota Neotropica 5(2): 22, f 17-18, 50. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.
ATTENTION: Maddison (2015: 276) places Druzia together with Breda in his tribe Bredini - but palps and epigyne, as well as body photographs of both are entirely different, there is no information that gene sequence of Druzia was studied.


Gen. Encolpius Simon, 1900
Type species Encolpius albobarbatus (3 species))
See more species in vol. 2 at Encolpius
Plate 319. A- Encolpius albobarbatus, B-C - E. guaraniticus: palps and internal structure of epigyne, ventral and dorsal view (enhanced in part by J. Prószyński).
SOURCE: Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23 (66): 348, t 19, f 6-10, Galiano 1968a. Rev. Mus. Argen. Entom.2 (3): 313, f 48-58. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Eustiromastix Simon, 1902
Type species Eustiromastix obscurus) ( 14 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Eustiromastix

Plate 320. A-B - Eustiromastix obscurus, C-D - Eustiromastix bahiensis, E - Eustiromastix moraballi .
SOURCE: Plate 33X. A-B - Galiano M. E. 1979e. J. Arachnol., 7: 172, ff. 1-3, 24, C-D - Galiano M. E. 1979e. J. Arachnol., 7: 180, f. 4-6, 20-22, E - © Photo Machado & Gasnier. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Fluda Peckham & Peckham, 1892
Type species Fluda narcissa (13 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Fluda
REMARKS. The genus consists of several groups of species differing by the structure of epigyne, but male palps are rather uniform, their congeneric status deserves revision, a survey of exemplary diagnostic character available in literature is provided below.
Plate 321. A-B - Fluda narcissa - type species, C-D - Fluda opica, E-H - Fluda cf. araguae, I - Fluda [?] sp.
SOURCE: Plate 33X. A-D - Galiano 1971a. Physis, 30 (81): 587, t. 2, f. 9-12, E-H - ©Photo Gasnier & Machado, I - Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 231–292, f. 43. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.

Plate 322. Diversity of spermathecae, ducts and male palps in the genus Fluda. A- Fluda napae, B - Fluda perdita , C - Fluda princeps , D - Fluda narcissa (type species #4 - inverted), E - Fluda arague, F - Fluda angulosa, G - Fluda nigritarsis, H- Fluda usta, I - Fluda nigritarsis, J - Fluda araguae,K - Fluda angulosa, L-N - Fluda perdita.
SOURCE: Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23 (66): 354-355, t. 19, ff. 18-20, Galiano 1971a. Physis, 30 (81): 575, 596, f. IV; 577-579, t. 5, f. 3, t. 6, f. 6; 591, pl. II, f. 14, pl. V, f. 1, pl. VI, f. 2; 597, pl. I, f. 15, pl. IV, f. 6-7; Galiano 1986: Physis C. 44 (107): 134, f. 6-8, L - Peckham & Peckham, 1892,All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.
Plate 323. Facsimile of an interesting method of establishing synonymy of male Fluda perdita: with female Fluda usta without any documentation. The synonymy has been accepted by the World Spider Catalog ( ver. 19.5, assesed September 2018), but is not accepted here. See a stormy correspondence on that case.The difference of opinions on merits of particular synonyms has long record (see throughout this paper), one of the most striking is the case of Toxeus bicuspidatus and T. gorontaloensis.
SOURCE: F24 - Edwards, (2001: 252). All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.
Nomenclatorical correction - following the above:
Fluda perdita (Peckham & Peckham, 1892) (partial - removal of a synonym) = Fluda usta (Mello-Leitao, 1940) was provided for synonymy).


.
Gen. Frespera Braul, Lise, 2002
Type species Frespera carinata. (2 species)
Plate 324. A- Frespera carinata, B-C - Frespera meridionalis.
SOURCE: Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23 (66): 465-466, t 42, f 1-3 + Braul, Lise, 2002. Biociencias, v. 10, n. 2: 107-109, figs 44-50 + 109-110, figs 51-55. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Fritzia Pickard-Cambridge O., 1879
Type species Fritzia muelleri (1 species)
Plate 325. Fritzia muelleri [placemet require confirmation by better drawing].
SOURCE:-Galiano M. E. 1965d. Physis 25(69): 129-130, f 1-4. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Fuentes Peckham & Peckham, 1894
Type species Fuentes pertinax (2 species)
Plate 326. A-B - Fuentes pertinax, C-D - Fuentes yucatan.
SOURCE: Ruiz, Brescovit 2007b. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 13: 144-146, f 1-6 + 146, f 7-10. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Gypogyna Simon, 1900
Type species Gypogyna forceps (3species)

Plate 327. A- Gypogyna forceps, B - Gypogyna sp.
SOURCE: Plate 33X. A- Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23 (66): 360-361, t. 21 ff. 1-3, Plate 33X. A- Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 231–292, f. 39. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Hypaeus Simon, 1900
Type species Hypaeus porcatus (29 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Hypaeus
Plate 328. A- Hypaeus porcatus, B-C - Hypaeus mystacalis, D - Hypaeus triplagiatus, E - Hypaeus taczanowskii, F - Hypaeus estebanensis, G - Hypaeus venezuelanus, H - Titanattus pegaseus (for comparison, shouldn't it be transferred to Hypaeus?)., I-J, L-M - Hypaeus miles (Amazonas: Coari: Rio Urucu), K - Hypaeus triplagiatus, N - Hypaeus benignus.
SOURCE: - Galiano 1968a. Rev. Mus. Argent. Entom. 2 (3): 271, 330, ff. 64-69; 328, f 80-85 + 326, f 76-79; 328, f 80-85; t 37, f 16-17, Galiano M. E. 1963b.Physis, 23 (66): 375, 377, t. 22, ff. 7- 8; . t. 24, f. 1-3, - © Photo Gasnier & Azevedo, N - © Photo A. Anker. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Noegus Simon, 1900
Type species Noegus vulpio.(25 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Noegus
Plate 330. A- Noegus vulpio, B-C - Noegus) fuscomanus, D - Noegus sp.
SOURCE: A- Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23 (66): 412-413, t 30, f 7-10, B-C - Galiano 1968a. 2 (3): 352-354, f 101-107, D - Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 231, 292, f. 52.


Gen. Orvilleus Chickering 1946
Type species Orvilleus crassus [placement uncertain] (1 species)
Plate 331. Orvilleus crassus.
SOURCE: Chickering 1946. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 97: 401, f 358-362. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Rishaschia Makhan, 2006
Type species Rishaschia mandibularis (= Attus mandibularis Taczanowski, 1871) (1 species)
Plate 332. Rishaschia mandibularis (Taczanowski, 1871).
SOURCE: Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 60, f. 26Plate 33X. A-G. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Scoturius Simon, 1901
Type species Scoturius trigris (1 species)
Plate 333. Scoturius tigris: .[Compare palp of Simonurius!].
SOURCE: Galiano M.E. 1987c. J. Arachnology, 15: 289, f 4, 7-8, 13-15. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.

Comments on genera Synemosyna and related
Gen. Synemosyna Hentz, 1846
Type species Synemosyna formica.(1 species)
See more speciesin vol. 1 at SYNEMOSYNA type species in vol. 2 at Synemosyna

COMMENT: I am transfering hereby genus Synemosyna (type species: Synemosyna formica) to the chapter MYRMARACHNINES as a working hypothesis based on similarity of internal structure of epigyne - prticularly because of similarity of spermathecae consisting of ascending part of narrow, paralll "pipes" like part structures, running anteriorwards along the whole "vertical" diameter an passin near distal end into sort of receptacle of sperm (spherical, oval, loop or double spiral - usaallt armored inside with some spines) compare similar structures in almost all genera of Myrmarachnines. Internal structure of epigyne is a conservative, particuliary reliable absolute diagnostic characters. Differene in other characters are less reliable, often being adaptative.

"Thiodinini" - FRAUDULENT "TRIBE ALIAS"
Agelista Simon, 1900* Arachnomura Mello-Leitão, 1917* Atomosphyrus Simon, 1902 Bredana Gertsch, 1936 Cyllodania Simon, 1902* Hyetussa Simon, 1902* Micalula Strand, 1932 "Thiodina" Bustamante, Maddison, & Ruiz (2015) [nec Simon, 1900] Titanattus Peckham & Peckham, 1885.

"ORPHANED" SUBFAMILY Thiodineae Simon, 1901
Thiodina [=younger synonym Colonus] Ceriomura Cotinusa Nilakantha

Gen. Titanattus Peckham, Peckham, 1885
Type species Titanattus saevus (18 ? species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Titanattus

REMARKS: cheliceral dentition conists of two rows of teeth on separate edges of chelicerae.


C-D - Titanattus saevus


A-C - Titanattus saevus

- Titanattus cretatus, T paganus, T. pegaseus

Titanattus nobilis
Plate 335. A-C - Titanattus saevus, D - Titanattus cretatus, E - Titanattus paganus, F-G - Titanattus notabilis [PLACEMENT?], H - Titanattus pegaseus [PLACEMENT?]. I-K - Titanattus pallidus, L - Titanattus sp.
SOURCE: C-D Bustamante, Ruiz, (2017). Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae)... Zootaxa 4362(3): 301-347. A-C - F. P.-Cambridge 1900. 191, t 15, f 1, D-E - Chickering 1946. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 97: 383, 385, f 337-342,.Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23(66): 32, t 1, f 11; t 2, f 1-3; 460, t 37, f 16-17, I -K - Edwards, Rinaldi, Ruiz 2005. Biota Neotr. 5(2): 20, f 1-3, 44-46.1-31, L - Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 231, 292, f. 38 . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.

Titanattus andinus (syn. Agelista Simon, 1900)
synonymic genus Agelista Simon, 1900 with type species Agelista andina . (2 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Agelista Titanattus

Figs 384. A-C - Titanattus andinus (syn. Agelista andina), D-E - Titanattus saevus
SOURCE: Galiano 1963b.Physis, 23 (66): 283-285, t. 3, f 4-6, © Photo Machado & Gasnier - INPA023. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. "Titanattus" acanjuba. [MISPLACED - disagree with type species]
Transferred to the Chapter 17 Sarindes "Titanattus"acanjuba.


Gen. Toloella Chickering, 1946
Type species Toloella eximia (1 recognizable species)
Plate 336. Toloella eximia:
SOURCE: Chickering 1946. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 97: 107, f 98-103. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Udalmella Galiano, 1994
Type species Udalmella gamboa. ( 1 species)
Plate 337. U-Udalmella gamboa :
SOURCE: Galiano M.E. 1993. Scientia (Panama), 8 (1): 194, f 1-6. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.


Gen. Ugandinella Wesolowska, 2006
Type species Ugandinella formicula. (1 recognizable species)
PLACEMENT tentative
Plate 338. A-E - Ugandinella formicula: female (D) and (E) male .
SOURCE: A-C - Wesolowska 2006. Ann. Zool. 56(2): 435-439, f 1-17, D-E - ©Photo R. R. Jackson. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.
PLACEMENT? - shape of carapace resembling Kima, internal structure of epigyne similar to THIRATOSCIRTINES, palp - decisively AMYCINES - cf. for instance Agelista. Transfer tentative.
Gen. Urupuyu Ruiz & Maddison, 2015
Type species Urupuyu antisana Ruiz & Maddison, 2015. (3 species)
Urupuyu antisana Ruiz & Maddison, 2015: Zootaxa 4040(3): 255, f. 1-3, 6-26. . © Magnolia Press. By courtesy.
Urupuyu edwardsi Ruiz & Maddison, 2015: Zootaxa 4040(3): 258, f. 4-5, 27-31. © Magnolia Press. By courtesy.
+Urupuyu occidentale Ruiz & Maddison, 2015: Zootaxa 4040(3): 260, f. 32-34
Gen. Zuniga Peckham, Peckham, 1892
Type species Zuniga laeta.(2 species) Zuniga
Zuniga laeta:: Galiano M.E. 1987c. SOURCE.Galiano M.E. 1987c. J. Arach. 15: 296, f 2-3, 27-32. By courtesy.
Zuniga magna: Galiano M.E. 1964c.. SOURCE.Galiano 1964c. Acta zool. Lilloana 20: 75, t 1, f 8-15; t 2, f 7, 20, 21; t 3, f 22, 23. By courtesy.
Ruiz & Maddison, 2015. A revised classification of the Amycoida
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SOURCE. Ruiz, G. R. S. & Maddison, W. P. (2015). The new Andean jumping spider genus Urupuyu and its placement within a revised classification of the Amycoida (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4040(3): 251-279.. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.
For comparison of correlation of the above tree with absolute characters similarities - use links to genera below.
"GOPHOINAE" Nilakantha Carabella Cotinusa Colonus BREDINAE Breda SITTICINAE Aillutticus [added 2024: Attinella ] Sitticus s.str. Jollas SCOPOCIRINAE Scopocira Gypogyna THIODINAE Titanattus Cyllodania Hyetussa Arachnomura SARINDINAE Sarinda Martella Zuniga HURIINAE Hurius Scoturius Urupuyu SIMONELLINAE Erica Cylistella [Synemosyna type species -- OTHER"Synemosyna" SPECIES] Fluda AMYCINAE Encolpius Hypaeus Mago Letoia Frespera Acragas Amycus
Plate XXX. For comparison - clade AMYCOIDA by Maddison_2015: 27.
SOURCE: Maddison, W. P. (2015). A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Journal of Arachnology 43(3): 231-292. All authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.