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Proszynski's Salticidae (Araneae)
Genera of the World
vol. I - diversity of genera

 Chapter 27

GROUPS STANDING APART  

SPARTAEINES
informal group of genera


Correlated chapter in vol. II
 Genera comparable with SPARTAEINES
As a whole, this e-book is © 2024 Jerzy Prószynski and its use and distribution is authorized unded a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International deed (CC BY 4.0). This deed also applies to illustrations within the e-book that are attributed to Jerzy Prószynski, or not attributed. The copyright for the other illustrations contained in this document are retained by the original sources, and permission for their reuse in any form must be obtained from the respective copyright holders

symbol of the genera not classified into supragroups


Exemplary representatives of the group
Plate XXX. A-B - Cyrba algerina, E-F - same, female & male ©Photo J. Lissner (from Spain), C-D - Gelotia bouchardi.
SOURCE. Proszynski 2003a. Annales zoologici. 53 (1): 46-47, figs 153-157, ©Photo J. Lissner. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

SPARTAEINES - informal group of genera

Diagnosis. Remarkably common and stable character is robust embolus, arising anterolaterally and encircling tightly anterior part of bulbus, also spermathecae in form of large globular or oval chamber, occupying large part of epigyne.
Remark. Considered primitive "Basal Salticidae" by Maddison et al. (several papers) on the ground of molecular research, but there are no continuity of morphological diagnostic characters of these genera with other Salticidae, nor does that contribute to taxonomic identification of genera concerned.


Gen. Brettus Thorell, 1895
Type species Brettus cingulatus (6 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Brettus .
Plate XXX. A- A- Brettus cingulatus, B - Brettus albolimbatus, C-F - Brettus cf. albolimbatus, G-I - Brettus celebensis : Proszynski. Internet (from N Sulawesi: Dumoga Bone Nat. Park. Det. Ch. Deeleman-Reinhold), J - Meata typica [for comparison of spermatheca and duct, but body very different], K-M - Brettus gravelyi.
SOURCE. A- Wanless 1979b. Bull. brit. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.): 185-188, f. 1A, C, E, G; 2 A-C; 3C-D; 4 A-B, C - ©Photo Anurag, D - ©Photo Vipin Baliga, G-I - .Proszynski. Internet, J - Zabka 1985. Ann. zool. 39, 11: 239, ff. 279-282, K - Caleb, in Caleb, Acharya & Kumar, 2018: 232, f. 1-15. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Cocalus Koch C.L., 1846
Type species Cocalus concolor (7 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Cocalus
Plate XXX. A- A- Cocalus concolor (holotype), B-C - Cocalus gibbosus, D - Cocalus menglaensis - epigyne and spermathecae, E - isolated bulbus and embolus, F-G - Cocalus murinus.
SOURCE. A- Proszynski 1984c: 158, B-C - Davies Todd, Zabka 1989. Mem. Queens. Mus., 27 (2): 196, t 4, D-E - Cao, Li & Zabka, 2016. ZooKeys 630: 68-71 , f. 17–18, 43, F-G - ©Photo H. K. Tang. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Cyrba Simon, 1876
Type species Cyrba algerina (9 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Cyrba .
Plate XXX. A-B, E - Cyrba algerina, C-D - Cyrba ocellata, F-G - Cyrba ocellata (Tamil Nadu, live and discolored by preservation), H, M - Paracyrba wanlessi [=Cyrba wanlessi ?], J, K - Cyrba boveyi, I, L - Cyrba lineata,
SOURCE. A-B - Proszynski 2003a. Annales zoologici. 53 (1): 46-47, figs 153-157, C-D - Proszynski 1978a: 16, ff. 19, 21-24, E - ©Photo J. Lissner, F-G - ©Photo J. Caleb, H - ©Photo Daiqin Li, I-J - ©Photo C. Haddad, J, K - Wesołowska, Haddad 2009. African Invertebrates, 50(1): 23-26, photo 238, K - Wesołowska, Haddad 2009. Afr. Invert. 50(1): 26-27, f 24-25, L - Wesolowska 2006c. Genus 17(4): 617-620, f 1-5, M - Zabka and Kowacs. (1996).Senckenbergiana Biologica 76: 153-161, f. 1-13. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

COMMENT. Paracyrba wanlessi resembles Cyrba by palps and internal structure of epigyne, also type of abdominal pattern (comparable with Cyrba ocellata = see f. F and H), seems to differ by longer and thinner legs, also lower carapace - f. H).


Gen. Gelotia Thorell, 1890
Type species Gelotia frenata (10 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Gelotia
3
Plate XXX. A-B - Gelotia bimaculata, C-D - Gelotia frenata, E-F - Gelotia argenteolimbata, G-H - Gelotia bouchardi, I-J - Gelotia sp., K - Gelotia [?] sp.
SOURCE. A-D - Proszynski 1968a. 77: 11-20, ff. 5, 7, ff. 8, E-F - Prószyński, Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012. Arthr. select. 21(1): 38, 47-58, I-J - Gelotia sp. ©Photo R R. Jackson, J - Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 231–292, f. 8. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Holcolaetis Simon, 1886
Type species Holcolaetis xerampelina (7 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Holcolaetis.
Remark: Maddison 2015 places Holcolaetis in a separate subtribe Holcolaetina
Plate XXX. A- Holcolaetis xerampelina, B-C - Holcolaetis zuluensis, D - Holcolaetis vellerea.
SOURCE. A- Wesolowska & Cumming, 2011: J. Afrotrop. Zool. .7:79, f 11-12, B-C - Wesołowska, Haddad 2009. African Invertebrates, 50(1): 47-49, f 83-86, D - ©Photo John and Frances Murphy. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Meata Żabka, 1985
Type species Meata typica (2 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Meata
Plate XXX. A- Meata typica, B-C - Meata zabkai, D - Gedea flavogularis, E - Gedea pinguis, F-G - Gedea daoxianensis, H - facsimile.
SOURCE. A- Zabka 1985. Ann. zool. 39, 11: 239, ff. 279-282, B-C - Prószyński, Deeleman-Reinhold, 2010. Arthr. selecta, 19(3): 174, f 107-110, F-G - Yin et al., 2012: Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan: 1370, f. 741a-g, H - Maddison, 2015: Journal of Arachnology 43(3): 24. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

COMMENT. Type species of Meata is known from females only, type species of Gedea only from males (data from World Spider Catalog 2020 ver. 21.0), Maddison, 2015: Journal of Arachnology 43(3): 247 speaks on unpublished molecular data and co-collecting, which are not verifiable documentation. There are no positive data supporting his claims. The only published drawings of epigyne in the whole Gedea genus, by Yin et al., 2012: Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan: 1370, f. 741a-g, repeated by Peng, 2020: Fauna Sinica, Invertebrata 53: 147, f. 94a-f (f. F-G, above) are insufficient.


Gen. Meleon Wanless, 1984
Type species Meleon kenti (8 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Meleon.
Plate XXX. A-B - Meleon kenti, C-E - Meleon guinensis.
SOURCE. A-B - Wanless F.R. 1978f. Bull. brit. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.)., London, 34 (3): 90-91, ff. 2 a-d, C-E - Azarkina, Logunov 2010. Afr. Invert. 50(1): 171-173, f 38-39. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Mintonia Wanless, 1984
Type species Mintonia tauricornis (10 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Mintonia.
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Plate XXX. A-C - Mintonia tauricornis, D - Mintonia silvicola, E-G - Mintonia sp. Queensland.
SOURCE. A-C - Prószynski, Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012. Arthr. select. 21(1): 43-45, f 87-95, D - Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 23-292, f. 11, E - ©Photo R. Whyte, F-G - and I.R. Macaulay. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Neobrettus Wanless, 1984
Type species Neobrettus tibialis (6 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Neobrettus.
Plate XXX. A-D - Neobrettus tibialis, G-H - Neobrettus sp., I - Neobrettus sp. I - Neobrettus sp. Philippines: Mt. Banaham.
SOURCE. A-D - Proszynski 1978a. Ent. bas. 19-21, f 25-27, B-F - Wanless 1984a. Bull. brit. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.), 46 (2): 183-185, f 24 A-H, G - Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 231-292, f. 10, H - ©Photo Frances & John Murphy, 1997, I - ©Photo R.R. Jackson. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Phaeacius Simon, 1900
Type species Phaeacius fimbriatus (14 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Phaeacius
Plate XXX. A-D -Phaeacius fimbriatus, E-F - Phaeacius azarkinae, G-H - Phaeacius malayensis.
SOURCE. A-F -Prószynski, Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012. Arthr. select.21(1): 55, f 130-140 + .19(3): 178, 127-128, G -© Photo H.K. Tang, H - ©Photo Hirzi Hussain. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Portia Karsch, 1878
Type species Portia fimbriata (21 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Portia.
Plate XXX. A-B - Portia fimbriata, C-F - Portia labiata (E - Portia labiata - on web, Singapore), G - Portia africana Uganda.
SOURCE. A-B - Davies Todd V., Zabka M. 1989. Mem. Queens. 27 (2): 195, t 3, C - Proszynski 1984c: 26, 111, D - Logunov & Jäger, 2015. Russian Entomological Journal 24(4): 359, f. 47-51. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Sparbambus Zhang J., Woon & Li, 2006
Type species Sparbambus gombakensis (2 species).
See more in vol. 2 at. Sparbambus


Plate XXX. Sparbambus gombakensisZhang, Woon & Li, 2006. Malaysia and China: Yunnan.
SOURCE:Wang, W. H., Yu, K. & Zhang, J. X. (2022). First record of the genus Sparbambus Zhang, Woon & Li, 2006 from China (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeinae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica 31(1): 58-63, figs 1-5)
Zhang, J. X., Woon, J. R. W. & Li, D. Q. (2006). A new genus and species of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeinae) from Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54: 241-244. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy
COMMENT. I follow classification of Junxia, but genitalic characters do not seem resembling Spartaeinae. I appreciate this publication because of large diagnostic illustrations. See also: Sparbambus sindhudurgTripathi, R., Kadam, G., Asha, T. J. & Sudhikumar, A. V. (2023g). First record of Sparbambus Zhang, Woon & Li, 2006 from India, with description of a new species (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 5352(3): 447-450.
.

Gen. Spartaeus Thorell, 1891
Type species Spartaeus spinimanus (18 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Spartaeus
Plate XXX. A- Spartaeus spinimanus, B-C - - Spartaeus thailandicus : Prószynski Internet drawings: Khao Yai National Park, coll. Deeleman-Reinhold, D - Spartaeus uplandicus: sketches of holotype female, E - Spartaeus sp. Prószynski Internet sketches, F-G- Spartaeus sp. Bali (note large eyes II).
SOURCE. A- Prószynski, Deeleman-Reinhold, 2010. Arthr. selecta.19(3): 180, f 134-137, B-C -Prószynski Internet drawings: Khao Yai National Park, coll. Deeleman-Reinhold, D - Prószynski Internet sketches, E - Prószynski Internet sketches, F-G - © Photo Petot. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Taraxella Wanless, 1984
Type species Taraxella solitaria (5 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Taraxella
Plate XXX. A- Taraxella solitaria, B-C - Taraxella sumatrana.
SOURCE. A- Wanless, 1987 Bull. British Mus. (NH) (Zool. ser.) 52(3): 156-157, f 7 A-G, B-C - Prószynski Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012. Arthr. select. 21(1): 57-58, f 154-158. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. ALTERNATIVE PLACEMENT - see Thrandina
Gen. Thrandina Maddison, 2006
Type species Thrandina parocula (4 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Thrandina
REMARKS. Genus originally placed in Lapsiinae by Maddison 2006. Here is alternative display in SPARTAEINES for calling attention to some similarities in spermathecae and general shape of male palps (in spite of presence of prominent tegular apophysis). Grouping of eyes and size of PME resembles Brettus and some other genera. No representative of SPARTAEINES [?] was ever found in Western Hemisphere. (J. Prószynski, 2014-X-31).
Plate XXX. A-E - Thrandina parocula, F - Thrandina cosanga.
SOURCE.Maddison W.P. 2006. Zootaxa, 1255: 20, f 2-8; 2012: 3424: 65, f 24-42, 48–52. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Veissella Wanless, 1984
Type species Veissella durbani. (2 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at . Veissela
Plate XXX. A- Veissella durbani, B-D - Veissella milloti.
SOURCE. A- Wesolowska & Haddad, 2009: 95, f. 205-209, B-D - Logunov & Azarkina, 2007: 16(2): 113, f 107-113. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Wanlessia Wijesinghe, 1992
Type species Wanlessia denticulata (1 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Wanlessia.
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Plate XXX. A- Wanlessia denticulata, B-C - Wanlessia sedgwicki.
SOURCE. A- Peng X., Tso I., Li S. 2002. Zoological Studies 41 (1): 5, f 17-20, B-C - Wijesinghe, 1992. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 40(1): 11, f 1-11. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Yaginumanis Wanless, 1984
Type species Yaginumanis sexdentatus (3 species).
See more species in vol. 2 at . Yaginumanis.
TWO INTERPRETATIONS OF FEMALES
Plate XXX. TWO INTERPRETATIONS OF FEMALE. I - A-B - Yaginumanis sexdentatus - pair matched by Yaginuma, C - same species. II - D-E - female interpreted as Yaginumanis "sexdentatus" by Wanless 1984, E - same species as shown on f. E - labelled "Sitticus" saganus Doenitz & Strand in Boesenberg & Strand, 1906 [not type! misidentified] in the collection of the British Museum - N. H. Museum in London, F - Sitticus saganus the only original picture of the type specimen, which was destroyed in Stuttgart during World War II.
SOURCE. A-B, E - Bohdanowicz, Proszynski 1987. Ann. zool. 41, 2: 46-47, f 1-5; 48, f. 6-8, C - Yaginuma, 1986a: Spiders of Japan in color (new ed.) 224, f. 124.3, D - Wanless 1984. Bull. brit. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.), 46 (2): 153-154, f 6g-i, F - Doenitz & Strand in Boesenberg & Strand, 1906: 394, pl. 9, f. 127. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

COMMENT. One of those entangled cases requiring talent of a detective from a taxonomists. A collection of Salticidae from Japan received from Professor Takeo Yaginuma in 1968 for identification, contained identified couple of Boethus sexdentatus, which I have identified as a new genus and wanted to name for Yaginuma (other new genera in that batch included new genera Helicius and Yaginumaella). Specimens in the collection were drawn in 1970ties and results communicated in due course to Yaginuma and to Wanless. The formal publication was delayed until Mr. A. Bohdanowicz completed part unfinished by me, and ultimately it was published by Bohdanowicz & Prószyński (1987: Ann. zool. 41, 2: 46-47, f 1-5). In the mean time I found and studied in London Natural History Museum a specimen of different species labeled "Sitticus" saganus (f. E) [misdidentified, not type which was destroyed during World War II in Stuttgart NH Museum]. This specimen, which F. R Wanless interpreted as female of Y. yaginumanis (f. D), differs from female specimen sent to me by Yaginuma (f. B) and those published by Yaginuma himself ( f. C, also in papers Yaginuma, 1967a: 54, 61, f. 2.1-9 and 1986a: 224, f. 124.3). The males seems to be conspecific, but females are apparently different, which of them matches male? I enquired with T. Yaginuma about that and he was sure that the couple he sent to me is properly matched. The matter require further research and, preferably, observation of mating.

COMMENT 2. The type specimen of Sitticus saganus was destroyed in Stuttgart NH Museum, bombed during World War II. The only original picture, published in 1906, display color pattern (F, above) resembling some Sitticus species, but cannot be identified with the following species of that genus reported from Japan: Sitticus (distinguendus group) avocator, Sitticus (terebratus group) fasciger, Sitticus (penicillatus group) penicillatus, Sitticus (saxicola group) ranieri.