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Proszynski's Salticidae (Araneae)
Genera of the World

vol. II - species attachments

Chapter 51
As a whole, this e-book is © 2024 Jerzy Prószynski and its use and distribution is authorized unded a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International deed (CC BY 4.0). This deed also applies to illustrations within the e-book that are attributed to Jerzy Prószynski, or not attributed. The copyright for the other illustrations contained in this document are retained by the original sources, and permission for their reuse in any form must be obtained from the respective copyright holders

symbol of the supragroup CHRYSILLOIDA

Nomenclature in this chapter follows Prószyński, J. (2017b). Pragmatic classification of the world's Salticidae (Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina 12: 1-133. With subsequent amendments.
Previous name of this group - Thiodina and derivates were transferred onto unrelated group of spiders in 2015
- sense and correctess of that change is questionable - read more below - at disaster



The nomenclatorical disaster of the genus Thiodina and the tribe Thiodinini


The group of genera and species referred to in this chapter was originally named in years 1901-2015 Thiodineae Simon, 1901: 405-409 (amended later to subfamily Thiodininae by Petrunkevitch, 1928), the name was "taken out" from the genus and it relative group and conferred 114 years later, on false premises, to unrelated tribus Thiodinini Bustamante, Maddison,& Ruiz, 2015: 181-190, leaving the genus and group nameless.
It happened that Simon himself has designated in 1900, as the obligatory reference - type specimen ("neme bearer") of Thiodina a species described 51 years earlier, presumably known to him only from the literature - .judging from perfunctory description by Simon, unlike his other detailed descriptions.
That type specimen was officially declared lost by Roewer, 1952, so it is quite possible that was also unavailable to Simon. Recently a new specimen resembling externally s9imilar to the lost type has fallen into hands of Maddison and his colleagues - they have quicly declared it heir of the picture of the type specimen and designated neotype (name bearer) of the name Thiodina and related. It was unfortunate that the new type species had nothing in common with remaining 20 species of Thiodina and Thiodineae. In the taxonomy the legal base of belonging to a genus having similar genotype, evolved from th mutual ancestor in the process of speciation and expressed by similar diiagnostic character. Unrelated genotype exclude mutual speciation, so species differing from actual - name bearer had to be cast off from the gnus - and also lost their name. What worse, research disclosed a whole circle of relatives of the new name bearer - and these become new Thiodina and its new higher taxon - Thiodinini. The bastards become new King and His Aristocracy, their disposed predecessors become outlaws. The fate of names of Thiodina and related llustateillustrates

 

. In 201deescrsecimhe known from the presumably known to him from the literature and never seen).erroneously
The entire orphaned subfamily was renamed "Gophoini" with type genus Colonus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901. The procedure of designating replacement type species (name bearer) was carred out incorrectly, with breaking spirit of nomenclaturical rules and disregarding common sense, oblicatory in biological research. The natural candidate for new As its new name bearer should be designated one of 20 species species classified to the genus thrThiodina and/or higher taxon Thiodinae, with similar diagnostic characters (testifying to relationship of their gcnotpesT. That would preserve original delimitation of the genera in questions.
Instead authors of stealing names Thiodina and Thiodunae conferred them on entirely unrelated group of species and genera on the pretext that 1849 drawing of the external appearance of the lost name bearer ( This caused nomenclatorical earthquake when Maddison got in his hand a new specimen similar to old illustration, but unfortunately unrelated to 20 species (4 genera) studied and described by Simon as genus Thiodina used by specimen Simon erroneusly designated, which caused nomenclatorivcal earthquuake of watched magnitude. In my opinion the erroneous shifting of genus aand higher taxon name should be reversed to the status quo ante. Until that will hapen ( I doubt he present generation of arachnologist is incqapable to draw conclusion wrom the developed situation) I use denote orphaned group, using temporary name COLONINES, discarding with that alco incorrectly used name "Gophopneaeae"). To read about mare detail sof the of that affair - open link Merits of the research by Simon, leading to orignaal conferred na.deploing never . originally erroneously designatet name bearer(and later lost) bearerdesignated.ed so of course unwelcome .

Introduction

REMARKS. Recent discovery that the type species of Thiodina is not related to remaining genera of Thiodininae require change of the group name, for which I propose provisionally COLONINES, with representative species Colonus sylvanus = Thiodina sylvana]. Former subfamily THIODININAE was based on alleged relationship between Thiodina nicoleti Roewer, 1951 (syn. Attus elegans Nicolet, 1849, Thiodina elegans Simon, 1902) and two groups of genera having two different types of palpal organ, and whose internal structures of epigyne are insufficiently known. Thiodina nicoleti is transfered hereby provisionally to the group AMYCINES .
Male of Thiodina nicoleti, type species of the genus Thiodina was recently revised by Bustamante, Maddison, Ruiz 2015 (Zootaxa 4012 (1): 181–190), who redefined the species and produced drawings of its palpal organ, which seem to place that species within group HYLLINES, characterized by embolus originating from posterior lateral end of bulbus, entirely different from COLONINES, as proposed in the present work. Female of Thiodina nicoleti remains unknown, so we cannot use its structure of spermathecae and ducts in classification. However, bulbous sensory setae ventrally on tibia I and on faces of chelicerae, being diagnostic for the species, according to Bustamante et al., 2015, were not tested for occurrence in other genera, so are not sufficient character for classification of genera. Bustamante mentions as possible relative genus Hyetussa (AMYCINES), which has beautiful spiral of copulatory ducts in epigyne, its embolus has similar origin but is much longer, twisted around bulbus. With insufficient data on palps and internal structures of epigyne we will have to wait until further studies, promised by these authors.
REMARK. The group of genera, as illustrated below, is at the moment only provisional assemblage of forms with palp structures insufficiently known, illustrated by primitive drawings, with a few exceptions of excellent documentation (e.g. Marma sp. by Zhang & Maddison 2015: fig. 217) but of unclear relation to majority of other data. It seems that palp structures warrant reclassification to other groups of genera. In addition internal structures of epigyne are very insufficiently known. These genera require both extensive morphological research and deep consideration.
DIAGNOSIS. Several genera of true Simon's Thiodineae, temporarily listed as COLONINES [what worse Gophoinae by Maddison et al.]have tibial apophysis consisting of two rami, often as long as half of the cymbium, lying flat of the posterior and lateral surface of cymbium respectively. These genera have bulbus divided transversally into anterior half with prominent arch of spermophor, their posterior half of bulbus is convex, the embolus appearing laterally from under posterior part, sometimes is thread-like thin, sometimes accompanied by parallel process, or is robust, split apically. Internal structure of epigyne variable but insufficiently known.

Two unrelated genera bearing the same name Thiodina
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True Thiodina Simon, 1900 - T. sylvana - returned to the previous synonym Colonus sylvanus - cast off 114 years ago. : Richman, Vetter 2004. J. Arachn., 32: 418-431, f 1-16. + C phot by G. B. Edwards, 2001 +bilateral gynandromorph. © Daniel Goodding. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
a)+b)
Neo "Thiodina" Bustamante, Maddison, Ruiz 2015 - a HOMONYM. A copy of the original drawing by Niclet, remembered by Richardson . Type species as illustrated by Nicolet - quoted by Richardson, 2010. Zootaxa 2418: 42, f 117-118. + Bustamante, Maddison, Ruiz 2015. Zootaxa 4012 (1): 181–190, f 1-30. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy

Guide to identification of genera of Simon's true Thiodineae by male palps

Guide to identification of genera by internal structure of epigyne
Guide to identification of genera by body shape and color pattern

Gen. Adoxotoma Simon, 1909
Type species Adoxotoma nigro-olivacea Simon, 1909d: (10 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Adoxotoma
Present classification tentative, because of relationship of anterior arch of spermophor, bulbus and embolus - see A. embolica. Diagnostic drawings below are integral part of definitions.
+ b)
Adoxotoma nigroolivacea +b) justyniae : ©Photo R. Whyte + Zabka 2001. Rec. W. Austral. Mus., 20: 324, figs 1a-d +b): 330-331, figs 5a-i. . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy .
b c
Adoxotoma bargo +A. chionopogon + A. hannae: Zabka, 2001 Rec. W. Austral. Mus., 20: 325-326, figs 2a-d + 326-328, figs 3a-j + 326-328,figs 4a-d, . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy .
Adoxotoma sexmaculata Gardzinska & Zabka, 2010. Zootaxa 2526: 41, f 25-32. © 2010 Magnolia Press. . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy .
Adoxotoma embolica: Gardzinska & Zabka,2010.Zootaxa 2526: 38, f 10-12. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy .
Adoxotoma nitida: Gardzinska & Zabka,2010.Zootaxa 2526: 41, f 13-24. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy .
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Adoxotoma nodosa: Wanless 1988.N Zealand j. zool., 15: 91, ff. 4a-i + ©Photo R. Whyte. .All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy
Adoxotoma forsteri see Proszynellus forsteri comb. n.

Gen. Aphirape Koch C.L., 1850
Type species Euophrys ancilla C. L. Koch, 1846 (8 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Aphirape .
Aphirape ancilla:: Galiano 1981d. Comm. Mus. Argent. Cien. Nat., Entom.1 (7): 93, 98, 100, f 32, 36 + Proszynski 1987: 23 (holotype). All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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+b)
Aphirape flexa +b) sp. : Galiano, 1981d. Comm. Mus. Argentino Cien. Nat., Entom.1 (7): 103-104, ff. 1, 26-27 + Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036(1): 20, f. 3A-I [vulva identification ? - cf. A. uncifera] +b) f 3J-K Photo W. Maddison. ©Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Aphirape boliviensis: Galiano, 1981d.Comm. Mus. Argentino Cien. Nat., Entom.1 (7): 106, ff. 9, 19-20 + Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036(1): 20, f. 3A-I. ©Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Aphirape gamas Galiano, 1996 Rev. Soc. Entom. Argentina. 55 (1-4): 157-158, figs 7-12. .
Aphirape uncifera + A. riparia Galiano 1981d. Com. Mus. Argentino Cien. Nat., Entom.1 (7): 109-111, ff. 2- 3, 12-16 + 105-106, ff. 10-11, 25, 35, 37.
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Aphirape misionensis + riojana: Galiano 1981d. Com. Mus. Argentino Cien. Nat., Entom.1 (7): 100-102, ff. 21-24, 33-34, 38 + 107, ff. 4-7, 30, 41.

Gen. Banksetosa Chickering, 1946
Type species Banksetosa dubia Chickering, 1946 (2 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Banksetosa .
b)
Banksetosa dubia +b) notata : Chickering 1946; 97: 78, f. 62-66 +b) 81, f. 67-72.

Gen. Capidava Simon, 1902
Type species Capidava auriculata Simon, 1902 (6 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Capidava
Capidava auriculata Galiano M.E. 1963b. Physis, 23(66): 317, ff. t. 13, ff. 1-2. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Drizztius rufithorax (Tf from Capidava): Galiano M.E. 1963b. Physis, 23(66): 319, t. 14, f. 14. Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036(1): 29, f. 8O-Q [cf. rufithorax ONLY!]. Photos by W. Maddison. ©Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Capidava biuncata Galiano M.E. 1963b. Physis, 23(66): 317, ff. t. 13, ff. 1-2 + 317-319, t. 13, ff. 10-12 + 319, t. 14, f. 14. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Ceriomura Chickering 1946
Type species Ceriomura cruenta Peckham & Peckham, 1894) (7 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Ceriomura
b)
Ceriomura cruenta +b) perita : Peckhams 1894. 2 (2): 103 T. 10 F. 2 +b) 104, T. 10 F. 3. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Colonus Pickard-Cambridge F., 1901
(correct senior synonym - Thiodina Simon, 1900: 392)
Type species Attus puerperus Hentz, 1846 [the type redefined (?) - now is Colonus sylvanus (Hentz, 1846)] (14 species)
See more species in vol.1 at Colonus
COLONINES (replacement name for Thiodininae, representative species = Thiodina sylvana) are charactrized by arch of spermophor wisible in the anterior half of bulbus, parallel to hairlike embolus, arising laterally from the posterior half of bulbus. Titial apophysis consist usually of two rami, often as long as half of the cymbium, lying flat of the posterior and lateral surface of cymbium respectively. Internal structure of epigyne variable but insufficiently known
REMARKS. Genus reinstated from Thiodina by Bustamante, Maddison, Ruiz 2015, with insufficient documentation of palps and virtually unknown epigyne. Numerous new combinations resulting from that transfer are not recognizable by existing graphic documentation:: Colonus branicki (Taczanowski, 1871) new comb., C. candidus (Mello-Leitão, 1922) new comb., C. melanogaster (Mello-Leitão, 1917) new comb., C. pseustes (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) new comb., C. punctulatus (Mello-Leitão, 1917) new comb., C. rishwani (Makhan, 2006) new comb., C. robustus (Mello-Leitão, 1945) new comb., C. vellardi (Soares & Camargo, 1948) new comb.
The original 1901 set up of the "group of genera" [=subfamily!] Thiodineae. Simon's characteristics of the Thiodina (the ingenious observation of bulbose setae done with his primitive microscope). Simon apparently he has never examined Attus elegans Nicolet, 1849 (= Thiodina nicoleti Roewer, 1951 - according to him already lost), judging from his description, none the less has nominated it as the type species of the genus Thiodina.


Marvellous paper of Hill documenting diagnostic characters of Thiodina puerperaThiodina Simon, 1900
Interesting - Hill has published his excellent paper twice, differing only in replacement of the genus name Thiodina for Colonus, accommodating to change introduced in the mean time by Maddison et al.
- Hill, D. E. (2012). Notes on the jumping spiders Thiodina puerpera (Hentz 1846) and Thiodina sylvana (Hentz 1846) in the southeastern United States (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 99.1: 1-63.
- Hill, D. E. (2018a). Notes on the jumping spiders Colonus puerperus (Hentz 1846) and Colonus sylvanus (Hentz 1846) in the southeastern United States (Araneae: Salticidae: Amycoida: Gophoini). Peckhamia 99.2: 1-63







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Colonus[= syn. Thiodina] puerperus Peckhams 1909. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. Arts Let., 16 (1): 449, t 35, f 8 +©Photo D. Hill. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Colonus[= syn. Thiodina] pallidus + vacculus : Crane J. 1945. Zoologica, 30 (1, 3): 35, f 2. : Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23 (66): 459, t 40, f 1-2.
Colonus[= syn. Thiodina] hesperus (compared with puerperus & sylvanus): Richman, Vetter, 2004 J. Arachn., 32: 418-431, f 1-16. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Colonus[= syn. Thiodina] sylvanus: Peckham G.W., Peckham E.G. 1909. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. Arts Let., 16 (1): 449, t 35, f 9 + Kraus O. 1955b. Abh. senckenb. naturforsch. Ges. 493: 59, f 169 + ©phot by G. B. Edwards, 2001. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Colonus[= syn. Thiodina] germaini : Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23 (66): 459, t 40, f 1-2 + Rev. Soc. Ent. Argentina, 19 (3-4): 57-59, f a-c + ©Phot C.J. Grismado. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
width="1278"

Gen. Cotinusa Simon, 1900
Type species Sadala distincta Peckham & Peckham, 1888 (31 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Cotinusa
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Cotinusa distincta: Type species Peckham, 1888: 53, pl 1, f 70; pl 6, f 76 + 1894: 132, pl 13, f 4.
+ Cotinusa sp. ©Phot Gasnier & Azevedo + Machado + T. Shahan + Expanded palp: Ruiz & Maddison, 2015: Zootaxa 4040(3): 255, f. 1-3. © Magnolia press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Cotinusa deserta + gemmea + horatia: Peckham 1894: 138, pl 14, figs 3 + 135, pl 14, figs. 1 + 136, plate 14, figs 2 . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Cotinusa magna + albescens: Peckhams 1894:2 (2): 133, plate 13, figs 5 + Mello-Leitao, 1945: 280, f 70.
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Cotinusa bisetosa + dimidiata + puella + septempunctata + vittata Galiano 1963b: 335-337, pl 16, fig. 21
+ 337, pl 16, figs 12-13 + 337, plate XVI, figs 10-11 + 338-339, plate 16, figs 14-17 + 339, plate 17, figs 1-8
+ Galiano 1963d: 24: 2, t. 2, ff. 4-5 . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy
.
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Cotinusa bryantae + simoni + furcifera + trifasciata: Chickering, 1946: 90, figs. 78-85 + 96, figs 86-88 + Ruiz, Brescovit 2007a. J. Arachn., 34: 646, f 1-3+ Galiano 1963d: 24: 2, t. 2, ff. 4-5 . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Cotinusa leucoprocta: Edwards, Rinaldi, Ruiz 2005. Biota Neotropica 5(2): 21, f 4-7, 47. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Freya Koch C.L., 1850
Type species Euophrys decorata C. L. Koch, 1846 (13 species)
For alternative placement see 2 at Freya
ATTENTION: Excellent photographs of structure of palpal organ by Dr G. B. Edwards (below) suggests placement of this species in the newly created group of genera (see comparative chart below, below). Some details require further clarification.
K2
Plate 166. A-D, F-G - Freya decorata, E - Freya regia. SOURCE: A - Galiano 2001. J. Arachnol. 29: 24, f. 1-3, 12-13, 19-20, 27, 33, 36, 44, B-C - Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036(1): 36, f. 12A-K, .E-G - , Photo W. Maddison:Galiano 2001. J. Arachnol. 29: 24. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Comparison of palps in some Freyinae
Type species Xanthofreya rustica. (3 species)
(photo by Edwards, 2015)







Plate 190. A-X - Comparison of paplpal organ in "Freyines". SOURCES: A-C, F-G - Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 76, f. 36A-N. © Magnolia Press, D-E - Photo Gita Bodner. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Appendix on subfamily Freyineae
Facsimile of the significat characters, selected from the original long diagnosis of the proposed subfamily Freyineae

Original text of diagnosis of the proposed subfamily Freyineae
Plate 83. Full text of diagnosis of the proposed subfamily Freyineae. SOURCE: Edwards, G. B. (2015). Freyinae, a major new subfamily of Neotropical jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4036(1): 1-87. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
COMMENT: No single, unequivocal character permitting identification of proposed new subfamily. Graphic documentation of diagnostic characters generally not clear and insufficient, suggest rather composite assemblage of genera.
Gen. Gedea Simon, 1902 (placement tentative)
Type species Gedea flavogularis Simon, 1902 (10 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Gedea

b) =
Gedea flavogularis +b) Gedea pinguis=[?]sp from Thailand]: Type specimen "20390 Gedia [!] ... Palembang" : Proszynski 1987: 27 +b) Cao, Li & Żabka, 2016. ZooKeys 630: 76-78 , f. 23, 43 =[?]Proszynski - coll.. Deeleman-Reinhold, Courtesy Mus. Leiden. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Gedea tibialis + G. unguiformis Zabka 1985. Annales zoologici, Warszawa, 39, 11: 236-237, ff. 263-267. Xiao, Yin 1991. Acta zootaxon. sin. 16: 48-49, ff. 1-9.Gedea sp.: Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 231–292, f. 102. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Gedea daoxianensis + sinensis Peng, Xie, Xiao 1993: 75-76, ff. 215-219 +: Song, Zhu, Chen 1999: 511, figs 297J-K

Gen. Kalcerrytus Galiano, 1999
Type species Kalcerrytus merretti Galiano, 2000 (20 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Kalcerrytus
Kalcerrytus merreti Type species Galiano 1999b. Physis C, 57 (132-133): 55-58, figs 1-3, 12, 13, 24, 27, 28, 38, 43, 49-53, 56-59 + ©Phot Gasnier + Edwards, 2015: 41, f. 15D-LZootaxa 4036 (1): 41, f. 15D-L. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Kalcerrytus amapari Galiano 1999b. Physis C, 57 (132-133): 58-61, figs 4, 14, 25, 33, 37, 46.. By courtesy.
Kalcerrytus chimore Galiano 1999b. Physis C, 57 (132-133): 62-65, figs 8, 20, 26, 35, 39, 44. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Kalcerrytus kikkri Galiano 1999b. Physis C, 57 (132-133): 62, figs 9, 17, 21, 32, 41, 48. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Kalcerrytus limoncocha Galiano 1999b. Physis C, 57 (132-133): 65-66, figs 10, 11, 22, 34, 40, 47, 54, 60, 61. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Kalcerrytus nauticus Galiano 1999b. Physis C, 57 (132-133): 66-69, figs 5, 18, 19, 23, 29, 30, 42, 45. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Kalcerrytus carvalhoi + leucodon Galiano 1999b. Physis C, 57 (132-133): 67-69, figs 7, 15, 16 + 69-71, figs 64, 65. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Kalcerrytus excultus Galiano 1999b. Physis C, 57 (132-133): 57-59, t. 20, ff. 5-71, 62-63 + Edwards, 2015. Zootaxa 4036 (1): 41, f 15A-C. Photo W. Maddison, © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Kalcerrytus edwardsi + falcatus + mberuguarus + odontophorus + rosamariae + salsicha Ruiz, Brescovit 2004. Rev. Iberica Arachn., 8: 74, figs 1-5 + 74, figs 6-7 + 76, figs 8-10 + 76, figs 14-18 + 76, figs 11-13 + 77-78, figs 19-23. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Maenola Simon, 1900
Type speciestype Maenola starkei Simon, 1900 (3 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Maenola
   
Gen. Marma Simon, 1902
Type species Marma baeri Simon, 1902 (12 recognizable species) placement - tibial apophysis does not fit !
See more species in vol. 2 at Marma
Plate 169. A-C Marma baeri, D-E Marma nigritarsis. SOURCES: A-C - Galiano: 1962c: 31, 32, 40-44, t. 1, f 6-9; t 2, f 4-5, D-E - Zhang J., Maddison 2015: Zootaxa 3938 (1): 22, f 216-220. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
b)
Marma baeri +b) femella : Galiano 1962c: 36-39, t. 1 ff. 1-5 +b) Ruiz, Brescovit 2005b. Revta bras. Zool. 22: 754, f 3-4.
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Marma nigritarsis + b) sp-Brazil : Galiano: 1962c: 31, 32, 40-44, t. 1, f 6-9; t 2, f 4-5 + ©Zhang J., Maddison 2015: Zootaxa 3938 (1): 22, f 216-220. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Metacyrba Pickard-Cambridge F., 1901
Type species Attus taeniola Hentz, 1846 (8 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Metacyrba
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Metacyrba taeniola: Type species Barnes R. D. 1958. Am. Mus. Novit. 1867: 30-33, ff. 47-51.from Oklahoma - phot.E. Richman.
Metacyrba taeniola similis : Edwards G.B. 2005. Insecta Mundi, 19(4): 197-198, f 1-12, 34, 98 .from Oklahoma - phot.E. Richman.
Metacyrba floridana: Edwards G.B. 2005. Insecta Mundi, 19(4): 197-198, f 1-12, 34, 98 .from Oklahoma - phot.E. Richman.
Metacyrba insularis : Edwards G.B.2005. Insecta Mundi, 19(4): 197-198, f 13-24, 100. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Metacyrba pictipes : Edwards G.B.2005. Insecta Mundi, 19(4): 197-198, f 25-33, 101. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Metacyrba punctata : Edwards G.B.2005. Insecta Mundi, 19(4): 199-201, f 35-46, 97. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Metacyrba venusta : Chickering 1946. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 97: 49, f 27-30 + Edwards G.B.2005. Insecta Mundi, 19(4): 207-208, f 79-96, 102. . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Nilakantha Peckham, Peckham, 1901
Type species Nilakantha cockerelli Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (4 unrecognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Nilakantha
Remarks. Bustamante, Maddison & Ruiz (2015). Zootaxa 4012(1): 181-190 write a list of species of the genus Nilakantha without providing single diagnostic drawing documentation and with unconvincing, three line diagnosis. In a result, the genus and its species remains unrecognizable - the drawings copied below are THE ONLY DOCUMENTATION EXISTING in the literature. Eight years later (2023) - no new diagnostic documentation added! Genus diagnostic documentation is pending, for all species.
b)c)d)
Nilakantha cockerelli +b) crucifera +c) inerma +d) peckhami : Peckhams 1901c. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1901 (2): 7, 8, t 2, f 1 +b) Pickard-Cambridge F., 1901 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Zool., 247, t 21, f 13 +c) Bryant,1940 86: 451-453, f 231, 239 +d) 454, t 18, f 238. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Pachomius Peckham & Peckham, 1896 - placement- Chrysillines - Pachomius
Type species Attus dybowskii Taczanowski, 1871 (23 recognizable species, 24 in WSC)
See more species in vol. 2 at Pachomius
Plate 173. A-F Pachomius dybowskii. SOURCES: A - Galiano M.E. 1994. Bull. British Arachnol. Soc., 9(7): 215-216, B-F - Edwards, 2015: 51, f. 22A-M . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Plate 174. A-F Pachomius misionensisSOURCES Galiano, 1995b. Physis C, 50 (118-119): 129, f 1-10, 31-32, 37-38. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Plate 175. A-B - Pachomius niger, C-E -Pachomius albipalpis . SOURCES: A - Ruiz et all 2007: 24(2): 377, f 6-9, B -Caporiacco, 1948a: 716, f. 147, Galiano 1995c. Physis, C 50 (118-119): 135, f 17-18, 22, 45-47, 50. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
ATTENTION: masculine nominative in Latin is "niger", not "nigrus" ( (feminine nigra, neuter nigrum)
   

Gen. Paramaevia Barnes, 1955
Type species Maevia poultonii Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (3 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Paramaevia
REMARK. Opinion of Edwards (1977: 22) that: "Paramaevia Barnes. ... should not have been erected and all species in it should revert back into Maevia, since Maevia (Paramaevia) michelsoni Barnes is intermediate between the two" - is not supported by any diagnostic documentation, of the other hand palps of Maevia [defined by type species Maevia inclemens (Walckenaer, 1837)] are so different from Paramaevia that these forms cannot be congeneric.
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Paramaevia poultoni + P. michelsoni + hobbsi Type Species Barnes 1955. Am. Mus. Novit. 1746: 7-9, 10, f 10-12 + 16-18.
+9, f. 13-15 ©PhotG. B. Edwards. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Paramarpissa F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901
Type species Paramarpissa tibialis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 (6 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Paramarpissa
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Paramarpissa tibialis: Type species F. P.-Cambridge 1901. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Zool., 252, t 22, f 11 .Logunov,Cutler 1999. J. N. Hist. 33(8): 1224-1125, f 13-16. Paramarpissa sp. : Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 231&#8211;292, f. 103. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Paramarpissa laeta Logunov, Cutler 1999. J. N. Hist. 33(8): 1229-1230, f 1, 31-34 . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Paramarpissa griswoldi Logunov, Cutler 1999. J. N. Hist. 33(8): 1227, f 24-30 . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Paramarpissa piratica Logunov, Cutler 1999. J. N. Hist. 33(8): 1229-1230, f 11, 12, 35-43 +Peckhams 1909.
Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. Arts Let., 16 (1): 494, t 39, f 10. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Paramarpissa sarta Logunov, Cutler 1999. J. N. Hist. 33(8): 1233-1234, f 44-50 . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Parathiodina Bryant, 1943
Type species Parathiodina compta (1 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Parathiodina
Plate 178. Parathiodina compta. SOURCES: Bryant E. B. 1943. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 92 (9): 502-503, t 4, f 42, 45.

   
Gen. Phiale C. L.Koch, 1846
exceptional species "Phiale" formosa ONLY! (1 species)
(disagrees with type species Phiale gratiosa C. L. Koch, 1846 )
See survey of CHRYSILLINES in vol. 2 at Phiale.
ATTENTION. Classification based on photographs by G. B. Edwards (below), similar to Freya, showing some details of structure of palpal organ requiring further clarification. As Edwards already noted (2015), it seems that tgenus Phiale deserves splitting.
Plate 180. A-E "Phiale" formosa . SOURCE: Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 55, f. 23A-K. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Philira Peckham, Peckham, 1896
Type species Paramarpissa tibialis (2 recognizable species, 3 in WSC)
See more species in vol. 2 at Philira

COMMENT.tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
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Philira micans: Galiano 1961a. Comen. Mus. Argent. Cien. Zool. 3, 6: 166-169, t. 2, ff. 6-9 + Galiano 1963b Physis, 23 (66): 344, t 18, f 7 +Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 58, f. 25A-K. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Platycryptus Hill, 1979
Type species Aranea undata De Geer, 1778 (4 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Platycryptus
COMMENT.Tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
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Platycryptus undatus:Type species Paquin P., Duperre N. 2003. Fabreries, Suppl. 11: 200, f 2239-2241
+ Barnes R. D. 1958. Am. Mus. Novit. 1867: 36-39, f 55-56, 62, 65, 67, 69. + ©Phot K. Collins, from D. E. Hill. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Platycryptus arizonensis: Barnes 1958. Am. Mus. Novit. 1867: 42-43, f 59-60, 63 + Edwards 2005b. Ins. Mun.,19(4): 209,
f 105-106. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy
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Platycryptus californicus: Barnes 1958. Am. Mus. Novit. 1867: 39-42, f 57-58, 61, 64, 68 + Edwards. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy
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Platycryptus magnus: Chickering 1946. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 97: 44 ff. 23-26 + Edwards G.B. 2005b. Insecta Mundi, 19(4): 210, f 109-114. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy
   
Gen. Proctonemesia Bauab, Soares, 1978
Type species Proctonemesia multicaudata Bauab & Soares, 1978b (1 recognizable species, 2 in WSC)
See more species in vol. I at Proctonemesia
Proctonemesia multicaudata: Bauab Vianna,Soares 1978b. Revista bras. Biol., 38 (1): 25, f 1-9. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Psecas C. L. Koch, 1851
Type speciesPsecas cyaneus [no palps illustrated,]
representative species - P. zonatus] (8 recognizable species, 13 in WSC)
See more species in vol. 2 at Psecas
Tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
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Psecas cyaneus: + Psecas euoplus: Type species. Proszynski 1984c. Atlas ...: 163 + Chickering 1946. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 97: 99 f 89-95. ©Phot G. B. Edwards. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Psecas barbaricus + chapoda + chrysogrammus: Peckhams 1894. Occ. Pap., 2 (2): 96, t 9, f 2 +95, t 9, f 1 + Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23 (66): 424, t. 32, f 14-18+ Simon E.1901a: 460, f 528, 533(=H). All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Psecas viridipurpureus + zonatus Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23 (66): 424-425, t 32, f 19 +425-427, t. 32, f 1-2. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   

Gen. Sumampattus Galiano, 1983
Type species Eustiromastix pantherinus Mello-Leitão, 1942 (4 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Sumampattus )

tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
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Sumampattus pantherinusType species Galiano 1983. Physis C, 41 (101): 152-155, f 5-10, 13-15 + Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 61, f. 27A-N. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Sumampattus quinqueradiatus Galiano 1983. Physis C, 41 (101): 155-157, f 1-4, 11-12, 16-18.. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Sumampattus hudsoni Galiano 1983. Rev. Soc. Entom. Argentina. 55 (1-4): 154-157, f 1-6 + ©photo C.J. Grismado All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   

Gen. Tarkas Edwards, 2015
Type species Cyrene maculatipes F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 (1 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Tarkas )
tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
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Tarkas maculatipes : Galiano 2001. J. Arachnology: 34, f. 14-16 + Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 63, f. 28A-E, G-O. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Gen. Thiodina "HOMONYMIC" - see in AMYCINES
Type species Thiodina nicoleti HOMONYMIC
vol. I - ....
vol. II - ........
Thiodina nicoleti was recently revised by Bustamante, Maddison, Ruiz 2015 (Zootaxa 4012 (1): 181–190), who redefined the species and produced drawings of its palpal organ, which seem to place genus within group HYLLINES, characterized by embolus originating from posterior lateral end of bulbus, entirely different from COLONINES, as proposed in the present work. Female of Thiodina nicoleti remains unknown, so we cannot use its structure of spermathecae and ducts in classification. However, bulbous sensory setae ventrally on tibia I and on faces of chelicerae, being diagnostic for the species, according to Bustamante et al., 2015, were not tested for occurrence in other genera, so are not sufficient character for classification of genera. Bustamante mentions as possible relative genus Hyetussa (AMYCINES), which has beautiful spiral of copulatory ducts in epigyne, its embolus has similar origin but is much longer, twisted around bulbus. With insufficient data on palps and internal structures of epigyne we will have to wait until further studies, promised by these authors..
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Thiodina nicoleti + neotype : Original by Nicolet - Richardson, 2010. Zootaxa 2418: 42, f 117-118. + Bustamante, Maddison, Ruiz 2015. Zootaxa 4012 (1): 181–190, f 1-30. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   

Gen. Trydarssus nobilitatus. Galiano, 1995
Type species Trydarssus nobilitatus. (2 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Trydarssus )
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Trydarssus nobilitatus: Galiano 1995a. Bol. Soc. Biol. Conc., 66: 106-107, Figs 2, 7-10, 13, 14, 18, 19. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy. +
Richardson, 2010. Salticidae of Chile. Zootaxa 2418: 42, f. 119-123. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Trydarssus pantherinus: Galiano 1995a. Bol. Soc. Biol. Conc., 66: 105-106, f 1, 3-6, 11, 12, 15-17 + Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 67, f. 31A-O. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy
   
Gen. Wedoquella Galiano, 1984
Type species Wedoquella denticulata (3 recognizable species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Wedoquella
Wedoquella denticulataType species. Galiano M.E.1984a. J. Arachnol., 11: 345-347, f 4-6, 10-11, 16-17. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Wedoquella punctata Galiano M.E.1984a. J. Arachnol., 11: 349-351, f 7-9, 14-15, 18-19 + Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 71, f. 33N-O. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Wedoquella macrothecata Galiano 1984a. J. Arachnol., 11: 347-349, f 1-3, 12-13, 20-21 + © photo Grismado +Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 71, f. 33A-M. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.    
Gen. Xanthofreya Edwards, 2015
Type species Xanthofreya rustica. (3 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Xanthofreya

Plate 190. A-G - Xanthofreya rustica.SOURCES: A-C, F-G - Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 76, f. 36A-N. © Magnolia Press, D-E - Photo Gita Bodner. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Appendix on shifting name of the genus Thiodina and related with it higher taxon
onto uunrelated new genus and its higher taxon

The dogma of systematics of living organisms, and of its practical result - classification, is that differentiation of organisms developed in the process of biological evolution from the common ancestor, from the simplest relationships between sibling species to the immense diversity of living world. Nobody yet questioned that jumping spiders are living organisms and their evolution constitute splitting their ancestral genome into 7000 species known today. Recently prominent arachnologist W. P. Maddison and his coauthors took nomenclatorical decision, breaking in its philosophical background that dogma.
Dealing with classification of living organism is tricky operation even for a specialists: how to tell one complicated species from another, but for XIX century amateurs chasing butterflies on suburban meadows, it exceeded their imagination. Placing butterflies into display cases demanded naming them, which was a pride and merit of their collectors - and reason for endless quarrels. To curb arguments down, lawyers turned amateur biologists developed system of naming describing details of nomenclatorical operations - developed finally into International Codex of Zoological Nomenclature, known to every taxonomist. Among other practical provisions the Codex bounds every taxon to a reference specimen - name bearer - known also as type specimen for species, and type species for genera and higher taxa - elementary wisdom of every taxonomist. Every taxon must have its name bearer, without name bearer there could be no taxon. But what to do if impossible happened - the Codex contains provisions even for such situation - complicated provision describing every possible variant of procedure. But provisions of law works well when peoples full of goodwill wish to follow law, but if they do not want to ...
An important genus received in 1900 as a name bearer a specimen known in literature since 1849, unfortunately materially not available to the distinguished author of the genus, and which finally was declared as lost in 1951. Some sixty year later a specimen resembling the 1849 picture of the lost name bearer was collected, unfortunately appeared entirely unrelated to preserved 20 original species - and, disregarding differences, was promptly declared conspecific with the lost type and, what more - designated neotype of the orphaned genus. Such miraculous resurrection are known in human history - for example in XVIth Russia a child-heir to crown of Tsar was murdered, only to be resurrected 20 years later, and when as false pretender was killed, was promptly resurrected again, after being killed twice.
In a case of jumping spider newly collected specimen could very well be described as a new, different genus, possibly surrounded by numerous related species. One of preserved original specie scould be designated a name bearer to the orphaned genus
But in case of that exemplary genus, history went different course - as unrelated to the newly designated name bearer they have been entirely legally stripped of their genus name, and returned to their older synonyms, the resurrected name bearer- the neotype - become reference specie to the higher taxon, consisting of IT'S own relatives. Of course nobody even mentioned continuity of DNA, the continuity of usage, the results of earlier studies. In the abbreviated Catalogue references, an universally followed source, the fact of substitution of the biological line is entirely invisible, nobody will be interested in the past history of research of one of 7000 species known now. The moral author rights of the old author, E. SImon are ridiculed by quotation of his name after set of "bastard" taxa.
The table below illustrates true fate of real taxa. Read more in unwelcome.

The TAXONOMIC DISASTER
Two interpretations of the genusThiodina, its relations and higher taxon
Questionable re-arrangement of genera involves groups Thiodineae, Gophoini and replacement of the latter - COLONINES?

Rank
Original Simons's 1901
Temporary adaptation by Prószyński, 2020
forced by Bustamante et al. 2015
PENDING FURTHER PROCEEDINGS
HOMONYMIC! Thiodinini
UNRELATED TO THEIR Previous NAMESAKES! By
Bustamante, Maddison & Ruiz, 2015. Zootaxa 4012(1): 181-190
Group of genera 15. Thiodineae Gophoini [proposed = COLONINES] NEO-Thiodinini [new]
Type genus Thiodina Thiodina = Colonus [younger synonym of Thiodina] NEO-Thiodina nicoleti - neotype
Type species Thiodina elegans [= nicoleti]- lost NEOTYPE to be designated from the original Thiodina spp. stock of Simon, 1901: 455-459.
Proposed Thiodina puerpera
NEO-Thiodina nicoleti - neotype
Genus Thiodina temporarily - Colonus [junior synonym of Thiodina]

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Genus Ceriomura Ceriomura
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Genus Cotinusa Cotinusa
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Genus Nilacantha Nilacantha
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Genus    
NEW & HOMONYMIC ! Thiodina
Bustamante, Maddison & Ruiz, 2015. Zootaxa 4012(1): 181-190
Genus  
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Cyllodania Simon, 1902;
Genus  
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Hyetussa Simon, 1902;
Genus  
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Atomosphyrus Simon, 1902
Genus  
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Arachnomura Mello-Leitão, 1917,
Genus  
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Titanattus Peckham & Peckham, 1885
Genus
 
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Tartamura gen. nov.
"Stability of names" inflicted by Maddison and his coauthors!
Explanatory analogy - following the above precedents, the city name "Berlin" will be replaced by "Humboldt-Stadt",
consistently with its famous Humboldt University, removed name will glorify former Capital "Bonn".

Legal basis: creative interpretation of the provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, like the one below: