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Gen. Comparison of palps in some Freyinae
Type species Xanthofreya rustica. (3 species) (photo by Edwards, 2015) |
Appendix on subfamily Freyineae
Facsimile of the significat characters, selected from the original long diagnosis of the proposed subfamily Freyineae Original text of diagnosis of the proposed subfamily Freyineae
Plate 83. Full text of diagnosis of the proposed subfamily Freyineae. SOURCE:
Edwards, G. B. (2015). Freyinae, a major new subfamily of Neotropical jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4036(1): 1-87.
All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy. COMMENT: No single, unequivocal character permitting identification of proposed new subfamily. Graphic documentation of diagnostic characters generally not clear and insufficient, suggest rather composite assemblage of genera. |
Gen. Gedea Simon, 1902 (placement tentative)
Type species Gedea flavogularis Simon, 1902 (10 recognizable species) See more species in vol. 2 at Gedea |
Gen. Kalcerrytus Galiano, 1999
Type species Kalcerrytus merretti Galiano, 2000 (20 species) See more species in vol. 2 at Kalcerrytus
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Gen. Maenola Simon, 1900
Type speciestype Maenola starkei Simon, 1900 (3 species) See more species in vol. 2 at Maenola
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Gen. Metacyrba Pickard-Cambridge F., 1901
Type species Attus taeniola Hentz, 1846 (8 recognizable species) See more species in vol. 2 at Metacyrba Metacyrba punctata : Edwards G.B.2005.
Insecta Mundi, 19(4): 199-201, f 35-46, 97. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Gen. Nilakantha Peckham, Peckham, 1901
Type species Nilakantha cockerelli Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (4 unrecognizable species) See more species in vol. 2 at Nilakantha Remarks.
Bustamante, Maddison & Ruiz (2015). Zootaxa 4012(1): 181-190 write a list of species of the genus Nilakantha without providing single diagnostic drawing documentation and with unconvincing, three line diagnosis. In a result, the genus and its species remains unrecognizable - the drawings copied below are THE ONLY DOCUMENTATION EXISTING in the literature. Eight years later (2023) - no new diagnostic documentation added! Genus diagnostic documentation is pending, for all species.
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Gen. Pachomius Peckham & Peckham, 1896 - placement- Chrysillines - Pachomius
Type species Attus dybowskii Taczanowski, 1871 (23 recognizable species, 24 in WSC) See more species in vol. 2 at Pachomius ATTENTION: masculine nominative in Latin is "niger", not "nigrus" ( (feminine nigra, neuter nigrum) |
Gen. Paramaevia Barnes, 1955
Type species Maevia poultonii Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (3 species) See more species in vol. 2 at Paramaevia REMARK. Opinion of Edwards (1977: 22) that: "Paramaevia Barnes. ... should not have been erected and
all species in it should revert back into Maevia, since Maevia (Paramaevia) michelsoni Barnes is intermediate
between the two" - is not supported by any diagnostic documentation, of the other hand palps of Maevia [defined by type species Maevia inclemens (Walckenaer, 1837)] are so different from Paramaevia that these forms cannot be congeneric.
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Gen. Paramarpissa F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901
Type species Paramarpissa tibialis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 (6 recognizable species) See more species in vol. 2 at Paramarpissa
Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. Arts Let., 16 (1): 494, t 39, f 10. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy. |
Gen. Parathiodina Bryant, 1943
Type species Parathiodina compta (1 species) See more species in vol. 2 at Parathiodina |
Gen. Phiale C. L.Koch, 1846
exceptional species "Phiale" formosa ONLY! (1 species) (disagrees with type species Phiale gratiosa C. L. Koch, 1846 ) See survey of CHRYSILLINES in vol. 2 at Phiale. ATTENTION. Classification based on photographs by G. B. Edwards (below), similar to Freya, showing some details of structure of palpal organ requiring further clarification. As Edwards already noted (2015), it seems that tgenus Phiale deserves splitting. |
Gen. Philira Peckham, Peckham, 1896
Type species Paramarpissa tibialis (2 recognizable species, 3 in WSC) See more species in vol. 2 at Philira COMMENT.tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
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Gen. Platycryptus Hill, 1979
Type species Aranea undata De Geer, 1778 (4 recognizable species) See more species in vol. 2 at Platycryptus COMMENT.Tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
+ Barnes R. D. 1958. Am. Mus. Novit. 1867: 36-39, f 55-56, 62, 65, 67, 69. + ©Phot K. Collins, from D. E. Hill. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
f 105-106. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy
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Gen. Proctonemesia Bauab, Soares, 1978
Type species Proctonemesia multicaudata Bauab & Soares, 1978b (1 recognizable species, 2 in WSC) See more species in vol. I at Proctonemesia |
Gen. Psecas C. L. Koch, 1851
Type speciesPsecas cyaneus [no palps illustrated,] representative species - P. zonatus] (8 recognizable species, 13 in WSC) See more species in vol. 2 at Psecas Tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
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Gen. Sumampattus Galiano, 1983
Type species Eustiromastix pantherinus Mello-Leitão, 1942 (4 recognizable species) See more species in vol. 2 at Sumampattus ) tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
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Gen. Tarkas Edwards, 2015
Type species Cyrene maculatipes F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 (1 species) See more species in vol. 2 at Tarkas ) tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
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Gen. Thiodina "HOMONYMIC" - see in AMYCINES Type species Thiodina nicoleti HOMONYMIC vol. I - .... vol. II - ........
Thiodina nicoleti was recently revised by Bustamante, Maddison, Ruiz 2015 (Zootaxa 4012 (1): 181–190), who redefined the species and produced drawings of its palpal organ, which seem to place genus within group HYLLINES, characterized by embolus originating from posterior lateral end of bulbus, entirely different from COLONINES, as proposed in the present work. Female of Thiodina nicoleti remains unknown, so we cannot use its structure of spermathecae and ducts in classification. However, bulbous sensory setae ventrally on tibia I and on faces of chelicerae, being diagnostic for the species, according to Bustamante et al., 2015, were not tested for occurrence in other genera, so are not sufficient character for classification of genera. Bustamante mentions as possible relative genus Hyetussa (AMYCINES), which has beautiful spiral of copulatory ducts in epigyne, its embolus has similar origin but is much longer, twisted around bulbus. With insufficient data on palps and internal structures of epigyne we will have to wait until further studies, promised by these authors..
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Gen. Trydarssus nobilitatus. Galiano, 1995
Type species Trydarssus nobilitatus. (2 species) See more species in vol. 2 at Trydarssus )
Richardson, 2010. Salticidae of Chile. Zootaxa 2418: 42, f. 119-123. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
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Gen. Wedoquella Galiano, 1984
Type species Wedoquella denticulata (3 recognizable species). See more species in vol. 2 at Wedoquella |
Gen. Xanthofreya Edwards, 2015
Type species Xanthofreya rustica. (3 species) See more species in vol. 2 at Xanthofreya Plate 190. A-G - Xanthofreya rustica.SOURCES: A-C, F-G - Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 76, f. 36A-N. © Magnolia Press, D-E - Photo Gita Bodner. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy. Appendix on shifting name of the genus Thiodina and related with it higher taxon The dogma of systematics of living organisms, and of its practical result - classification, is that differentiation of organisms developed in the process of biological evolution from the common ancestor, from the simplest relationships between sibling species to the immense diversity of living world. Nobody yet questioned that jumping spiders are living organisms and their evolution constitute splitting their ancestral genome into 7000 species known today. Recently prominent arachnologist W. P. Maddison and his coauthors took nomenclatorical decision, breaking in its philosophical background that dogma.
Dealing with classification of living organism is tricky operation even for a specialists: how to tell one complicated species from another, but for XIX century amateurs chasing butterflies on suburban meadows, it exceeded their imagination. Placing butterflies into display cases demanded naming them, which was a pride and merit of their collectors - and reason for endless quarrels. To curb arguments down, lawyers turned amateur biologists developed system of naming describing details of nomenclatorical operations - developed finally into International Codex of Zoological Nomenclature, known to every taxonomist. Among other practical provisions the Codex bounds every taxon to a reference specimen - name bearer - known also as type specimen for species, and type species for genera and higher taxa - elementary wisdom of every taxonomist. Every taxon must have its name bearer, without name bearer there could be no taxon. But what to do if impossible happened - the Codex contains provisions even for such situation - complicated provision describing every possible variant of procedure. But provisions of law works well when peoples full of goodwill wish to follow law, but if they do not want to ... An important genus received in 1900 as a name bearer a specimen known in literature since 1849, unfortunately materially not available to the distinguished author of the genus, and which finally was declared as lost in 1951. Some sixty year later a specimen resembling the 1849 picture of the lost name bearer was collected, unfortunately appeared entirely unrelated to preserved 20 original species - and, disregarding differences, was promptly declared conspecific with the lost type and, what more - designated neotype of the orphaned genus. Such miraculous resurrection are known in human history - for example in XVIth Russia a child-heir to crown of Tsar was murdered, only to be resurrected 20 years later, and when as false pretender was killed, was promptly resurrected again, after being killed twice. In a case of jumping spider newly collected specimen could very well be described as a new, different genus, possibly surrounded by numerous related species. One of preserved original specie scould be designated a name bearer to the orphaned genus But in case of that exemplary genus, history went different course - as unrelated to the newly designated name bearer they have been entirely legally stripped of their genus name, and returned to their older synonyms, the resurrected name bearer- the neotype - become reference specie to the higher taxon, consisting of IT'S own relatives. Of course nobody even mentioned continuity of DNA, the continuity of usage, the results of earlier studies. In the abbreviated Catalogue references, an universally followed source, the fact of substitution of the biological line is entirely invisible, nobody will be interested in the past history of research of one of 7000 species known now. The moral author rights of the old author, E. SImon are ridiculed by quotation of his name after set of "bastard" taxa. The table below illustrates true fate of real taxa. Read more in unwelcome.
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