Introduction

Bulbus with hardened, opaque tegument, sometimes with ducts of spermophor emergin anterolaterally or partially translucent on prolateral side of bulbus. Embolus located on soft pad, anteriorly to bulbus, is short, often broadened, forked anteriorly or split into two sclerotized processes. Epigyne characteristic, with anterior openings, often in a semi crescent groove, copulatory ducts sclerotized, run posteriorly to spermatheca which usually form complicated entangled coils, or sclerotized body with internal convoluted chambers. Structure and conposition of the subfamily was extensively discussed by Maddison , 1996, which is followed here.
REMARKS. Location and appearance of bent embolus in some W Hemisphere genera resembles HOLOPLATINES, the difference seems to be location of embolus atop membranous pad in the former, on fleshy basis in the latter. Since existing drawings are not precise enough in the S American genera, that observation requires confirmation, potentially it can force deep changes in alignment of genera. It appears that there are no analogies in structure of spermathecae and ducts of these groups.

Guide to identification of genera by male palps