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HELIOPHANINES Correlated chapters As a whole, this e-book is © 2024 Jerzy Prószynski and its use and distribution is authorized unded
a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International deed (CC BY 4.0). This deed also applies to
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 symbol of the supragroup CHRYSILLOIDA |
Contents of this page and facility for searching
Type genus Heliophanus . Index of genera Heliophanillus Heliophanoides Helafricanus - Heliocapensis - Heliophanus Uncertain - Imperceptus - Mexcala - Paraheliophanus . Other genera of the group: Heliophanus Trapezocephalus . Moved tentatively to PSEUDICIINES -Tasa |
Introduction
HELIOPHANINES are defined by possession of truly immovable embolus in males, that is being direct continuation of hardened, opaque tegument of bulbus - tegulum. Palps in males have usually one, two or three tibial apophyses, in subgenus Helafricanus there is also robust patellar apophysis. Femur in Heliophanus has robust and long femoral protuberance or apophysis, single or forked apically. Epigyne in a form of sclerotized
plate, often concave or with central groove, without pockets. Copulatory
ducts short, thick walled and heavily sclerotized like spermathecae, the latter are simple. External appearance
of both sexes: slim bodied, slim legged spiders, small or medium size, often dark,
with light reflecting scales, often with white abdominal spots. Move about on vegetation or ground. The group consist of large genus Heliophanus and a few smaller genera, classification of genera having no described males is tentative. A number
of genera,
previously listed
in subfamily Heliophaninae, are transferred now to CHRYSILLINES.
Historical note. The main concept of the subfamily was developed
owing to extensive, basic research by Wesolowska 1986, in which she presented
modern definition and contents of the genus Heliophanus and proposed
division into subgenera. She has subsequently added large number
of new species, described in numerous publications over next 28 years.
Guide to identification of genera
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