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Proszynski's Salticidae (Araneae)
Genera of the World
vol. I - diversity of genera

Chapter 6

COLONINES
(FORMERLY - since 2015 "THIODININAE")
informal group of genera

Correlated chapter in vol. II
- Species diversity in COLONINES

As a whole, this e-book is © 2024 Jerzy Prószynski and its use and distribution is authorized unded a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International deed (CC BY 4.0). This deed also applies to illustrations within the e-book that are attributed to Jerzy Prószynski, or not attributed. The copyright for the other illustrations contained in this document are retained by the original sources, and permission for their reuse in any form must be obtained from the respective copyright holders

symbol of the supragroup CHRYSILLOIDA

Nomenclature in this chapter follows Prószyński, J. (2017b). Pragmatic classification of the world's Salticidae (Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina 12: 1-133. With subsequent amendments.
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ICZN authorization of designation of new type species "in the interest of stability [of NAMES! [ they do not care about animals themselves!]"
-Note laxed procedure "or".
This group of genera was known during years 1901-2015 as Thiodineae Simon, 1901: 405-409 (amended later to subfamily Thiodininae by Petrunkevitch, 1928), the name was transferred 114 years later, on false premises, to unrelated tribus Thiodinini Bustamante, Maddison,& Ruiz, 2015: 181-190. The entire orphaned subfamily was renamed "Gophoini" with type genus Colonus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 (correct senior synonym - Thiodina Simon, 1900: 392) - if these changes would by accepted [?], the name of the group should be Coloninae [or Colonini] according to ICZN provisions. Better solution seems to return to the status quo ante 2015. The "COLONINES" above is introduced temporarily by Prószyński to avoid more misunderstandings, untill the whole nomenclatorical problem will be solved. For more details - see text "Unwelcome changes in the system of Salticidae (Araneae) - the Thiodina and Padillothorax cases" - available at the link unwelcome .
   
Charaters of 8 genera listed in 2015 as belonging to tribe Gophoini (= COLONINES here)
"Tribe Gophoini (59 species in 8 genera): Banksetosa Chickering, 1946 Carabella Chickering, 1946* Ceriomura Simon, 1901* Colonus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901* Cotinusa Simon, 1900* Nilakantha Peckham & Peckham, 1901* Parathiodina Bryant, 1943 Proctonemesia Bauab & Soares, 1978" [ *- mark genera with DNA tested by 2015, at least one species per genus]


COMMENT. Since 1960 I followed practice of earlier authors of drawing palpal organ in its resting position, but found than more useful epigyne is its's cleared preparattion. Looking at the prhotos of paplpal organs by Edwards 2015 I realize that pictures of expanded palpal organ should be standardized (apparently in several standard positions) ensuring comparatibility of detailed structures..
Exemplary representatives of the group
Plate 143. A-B - Gedea flavogularis, C- Xxx xxx, D-E - Colonus puerperus - note characteristic loop of spermafor (red). (For source - see below int the text).

Plate 154. A-B - Colonus sylvanus, C - Colonus pallidus, D - Cotinusa distincta, DD - Presence of distant haematodocha seems to disagrees with all species of COLONINES, including Cotinusa distincta itself. Couldn't the drawing be misidentified and misplaced,
Plate 155. Capidava auriculata G-H -Capidava biuncata Edwards,. composite structure of palpal organ require further imterpretation.
 SOURCE: See below in the text. All © copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.
   
Diversity of main diagnostic characters of COLONINES


Gen. AdoxotomaSimon, 1909
Type species Adoxotoma nigro-olivacea Simon, 1909d: (10 recognizable species) Australia - placement doubtful
See more species in vol. 2 at Adoxotoma
4
Plate 156. A - Adoxotoma nigroolivacea, B-C - Adoxotoma chinopogon, D - Adoxotoma justyniae. Photographs A - Adoxotoma chinopogon and B-C - Adoxotoma nodosa.
SOURCES:. A - Zabka 2001 Rec. W. Austral. Mus., 20: 324, figs 1a-d, A1 -same, A2-3 - Zabka, 2001: 326, f. 3A-J: Zabka 2001. Rec. W. Austral. Mus., 20: 330-331, figs 5a-i, A4-5 - Photographs ©Photo R. Whyte. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   

Gen. Aphirape Koch C.L., 1850
Type species Euophrys ancilla C. L. Koch, 1846 (8 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Aphirape .

Plate 157. A-B - Aphirape ancilla: A - epigyne of the holotype. B - spermathecae and palp, C-D - Aphirape flexa, E-G - Aphirape flexa : palp, epigyne and spermathecae.
SOURCES: A6-B - Proszynski 1987: 23, B-D -- Galiano 1981d. Comm. Mus. Argent. Cien. Nat., Entom.1 (7): 93, 98, 100, f 32, 36; 103-104, ff. 1, 26-27,E-G - Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036(1): 20, f. 3A-I. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Banksetosa Chickering, 1946
Type species Banksetosa dubia Chickering, 1946 (2 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Banksetosa .
Plate 159. A - Banksetosa dubia, B - Banksetosa notata
SOURCES: B3 -B5 - Chickering, A. M. (1946). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 97: 78, f. 62-66,: 81, f. 67-72.. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Capidava Simon, 1902
Type species Capidava auriculata Simon, 1902 (6 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Capidava
Plate 160. A - Capidava auriculata, B-I - Capidava biuncata (C, H - expanded palp).
SOURCES:. Galiano M.E. 1963b. Physis, 23(66): 317, ff. t. 13, ff. 1-2 + 317-319, t. 13, ff. 10-12 + 319, t. 14, f. 14.:C -Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036(1):: 25, f. 5A-J. . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Ceriomura Chickering 1946
Type species Ceriomura cruenta Peckham & Peckham, 1894) (7 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Ceriomura
b)
Ceriomura cruenta +b) perita : Peckhams 1894. 2 (2): 103 T. 10 F. 2 +b) 104, T. 10 F. 3. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Plate 161. A - Ceriomura cruenta, B-E - Ceriomura damborskyae (C - internal structure of epigyne - unusual anterior view and ventral view, D - male, E - said to be females [? - more probably juveniles!]. SOURCES: A - Peckhams 1894. 2 (2): 103 T. 10 F. 2 B , All next - Rubio & Baigorria, 2016:: Zoology and Ecology 26(4): 266, f. 1c-f, , 2a-j. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy
   
Gen. Colonus Pickard-Cambridge F., 1901
(correct senior synonym - Thiodina Simon, 1900: 392)
Type species Attus puerperus Hentz, 1846 (14 recognizable species)
[the type redefined - now is Colonus sylvanus (Hentz, 1846)]
See more in vol. 2 at Colonus
Plate 163a. A-B Colonus puerperus [= original syn. Thiodina ] .SOURCES: A - Peckhams 1909. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. Arts Let., 16 (1): 449, t 35, f 8, B - ©Photo D. Hill. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Marvellous paper of Hill documenting diagnostic characters of Thiodina puerpera
 Interesting - Hill has published his excellent paper twice, differing only in replacement of the genus name Thiodina for Colonus, accommodating to change introduced in the mean time by Maddison et al.
- Hill, D. E. (2012). Notes on the jumping spiders Thiodina puerpera (Hentz 1846) and Thiodina sylvana (Hentz 1846) in the southeastern United States (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 99.1: 1-63.
- Hill, D. E. (2018a). Notes on the jumping spiders Colonus puerperus (Hentz 1846) and Colonus sylvanus (Hentz 1846) in the southeastern United States (Araneae: Salticidae: Amycoida: Gophoini). Peckhamia 99.2: 1-63
The same characters were observed by Simon in 1901 (below) with his primitive microscop,
he has checked their occurrence in 20 species ([that is in 4 genera) and correctly evaluated their diagnostic importance
( neglected 111 years later by by Maddison et al.). See more in vol. II at disaster
Plate 162. Simon's characteristics of the Thiodina (with ingenious observation of bulbose setae with his primitive microscope) drawings and description presentig his unusually deep interest in this case. Apparently he has never examined Attus elegans Nicolet, 1849 (= Thiodina nicoleti Roewer, 1951), presumably already lost, although mentioned it as the type species of the genus Thiodina.

Gen. Cotinusa Simon, 1900
Type species Sadala distincta Peckham & Peckham, 1888 (31 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Cotinusa
Plate 164. A - Cotinusa distincta, B - Cotinusa sp., C-D - Cotinusa leucoprocta.SOURCE: A - Peckham, 1888: 53, pl 1, f 70; pl 6, f 76, B - ©Phot Gasnier, Machado & Azevedo, C-D - Edwards, Rinaldi, Ruiz 2005. Biota Neotropica 5(2): 21, f 4-7, 47. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.

Plate 165. A-B - Cotinusa horatia, male & female, C - C. trifasciata.
SOURCES : A-C - Rubio & Baigorria, 2016: 273, f. 4j-l, 5m-n. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Freya Koch C.L., 1850
Type species Euophrys decorata C. L. Koch, 1846 (13 species)
For alternative placement see 2 at Freya
ATTENTION: Excellent photographs of structure of palpal organ by Dr G. B. Edwards (below) suggests placement of this species in the newly created group of genera (see comparative chart below, below). Some details require further clarification.
K2
Plate 166. A-D, F-G - Freya decorata, E - Freya regia.
SOURCE: A - Galiano 2001. J. Arachnol. 29: 24, f. 1-3, 12-13, 19-20, 27, 33, 36, 44, B-C - Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036(1): 36, f. 12A-K, .E-G - , Photo W. Maddison:Galiano 2001. J. Arachnol. 29: 24. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Gedea Simon, 1902 (placement tentative)
Type species Gedea flavogularis Simon, 1902 (10 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Gedea
Plate 167. A - Gedea flavogularis Type specimen "20390 Gedia [!] ... Palembang", B - Gedea pinguis from Yunnan, C - Gedea pinguis from Thailand, coll. Deeleman-Reinhold, Mus. Leiden, D - Gedea sp.
SOURCES: A - Proszynski 1987: 27, B - same, Cao, Li & Żabka, 2016. ZooKeys 630: 76-78 , f. 23, 43, C - drawn by by Proszynsk, unpublished, D - Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 231–292, f. 102. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.


   
Gen. Kalcerrytus Galiano, 1999
Type species Kalcerrytus merretti Galiano, 2000 (20 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Kalcerrytus
Plate 168. A-C, G - Kalcerrytus merreti, D-F, H - Kalcerrytus excultus.
SOURCES:. A-C, G - Galiano, 2000: 55, f. 1-3, 12-13, 24, 27-28, 38, 43, 49-53, 56-59; 71, f. 6, 55, 62-63, D-F, H - Edwards, 2015: 41, f. 15D-L. ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
   
Gen. Maenola Simon, 1900
Type speciestype Maenola starkei Simon, 1900 (3 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Maenola
   
Gen. Marma Simon, 1902
Type species Marma baeri Simon, 1902 (12 recognizable species) placement - tibial apophysis does not fit !
See more species in vol. 2 at Marma

Plate 169. A-C - Marma baeri, D-E - Marma nigritarsis.
SOURCES: A-C - Galiano: 1962c: 31, 32, 40-44, t. 1, f 6-9; t 2, f 4-5, D-E - Zhang J., Maddison 2015: Zootaxa 3938 (1): 22, f 216-220. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   

Gen. Metacyrba Pickard-Cambridge F., 1901
Type species Attus taeniola Hentz, 1846 (8 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Metacyrba
Plate 170. A-D - Metacyrba taeniola (D - from Oklahoma - ©photo E. Richman), E-H - Metacyrba taeniola[?] similis[?] .
SOURCES:. Barnes R. D. 1958. Am. Mus. Novit. 1867: 30-33, ff. 47-51, D - ©photo E. Richman, Edwards G.B. 2005. Insecta Mundi, 19(4): 197-198, f 1-12, 34, 98, E-H - Edwards, 2006:Insecta Mundi 19: 210, f. 107-108. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Nilakantha Peckham, Peckham, 1901
Type species Nilakantha cockerelli Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (4 unrecognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Nilakantha
Remarks. Bustamante, Maddison & Ruiz (2015). Zootaxa 4012(1): 181-190 write a list of species of the genus Nilakantha without providing single diagnostic drawing documentation and with unconvincing, three line diagnosis. In a result, the genus and its species remains unrecognizable - the drawings copied below are THE ONLY DOCUMENTATION EXISTING. Eight years laetr (2023) - no new diagnostic documentation added! Diagnostic documentation pending for all species.
Plate 172. A-D - Nilakantha cockerelli, E - Nilakantha crucifera, F-G - Nilakantha inerma, H - Nilakantha peckhami.
SOURCES: A-D - Peckhams 1901c. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1901 (2): 7, 8, t 2, f 1, E - Pickard-Cambridge F., 1901 Biol. Centr.-Amer.,Zool., 247, t 21, f 13, F-H - Bryant 1940 86: 451-453, f 231, 239; 454, t 18, f 238. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Pachomius Peckham & Peckham, 1896
Type species Attus dybowskii Taczanowski, 1871 (23 recognizable species, 24 in WSC)
See more species in vol. 2 at Pachomius
Plate 173. A-F Pachomius dybowskii. SOURCES: A - Galiano M.E. 1994. Bull. British Arachnol. Soc., 9(7): 215-216, B-F - Edwards, 2015: 51, f. 22A-M . All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Plate 174. A-F Pachomius misionensisSOURCES Galiano, 1995b. Physis C, 50 (118-119): 129, f 1-10, 31-32, 37-38. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Plate 175. A-B - Pachomius niger, C-E -Pachomius albipalpis . SOURCES: A - Ruiz et all 2007: 24(2): 377, f 6-9, B -Caporiacco, 1948a: 716, f. 147, Galiano 1995c. Physis, C 50 (118-119): 135, f 17-18, 22, 45-47, 50. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
ATTENTION: masculine nominative in Latin is "niger", not "nigrus" ( (feminine nigra, neuter nigrum).
   

Gen. Paramaevia Barnes, 1955
Type species Maevia poultonii Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (3 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Paramaevia
REMARK. Opinion of Edwards (1977: 22) that "Paramaevia Barnes. ... should not have been erected and all species in it should revert back into Maevia, since Maevia (Paramaevia) michelsoni Barnes is intermediate between the two" is not supported by any diagnostic documentation, of the other hand palps of Maevia [defined by type species Maevia inclemens (Walckenaer, 1837)] are so different from Paramaevia that these forms cannot be congeneric.
Plate 176. A - Paramaevia poultoni, B - Paramaevia hobbsae, C-D - Paramaevia michelsoni.
SOURCES:. A -C - Barnes 1955. Am. Mus. Novit. 1746: 7-9, 10, f 10-12 + 16-18, +9, f. 13-15, D - ©PhotG. B. Edwards. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Paramarpissa F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901
Type species Paramarpissa tibialis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 (6 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Paramarpissa
Plate 177. A - Paramarpissa tibialis, B - Paramarpissa griswoldi, C - Paramarpissa sp., D-F - supposed close relative [?] - Leptorchestes berolinensis. [see vol. 2 Leptorchestes]. SOURCES: A-B - Logunov,Cutler 1999 J. N. Hist. 33(8): 1224-1125, f 13-16; 1227, f 24-30., D - Maddison 2015. Journal of Arachnology. 43: 231–292, f. 103, D-E - Prószyński in (eds.) Heimer & Nentwig 1991: 508, f. 1357, F - ©Photo J. Lissner. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
COMMENT. According to Maddison Paramarpissa is close relation of Leptorchestes. Interesting!
   
Gen. Parathiodina Bryant, 1943
Type species Parathiodina compta (1 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Parathiodina
Plate 178. Parathiodina compta. SOURCES: Bryant E. B. 1943. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 92 (9): 502-503, t 4, f 42, 45.

   
Gen. Phiale C. L.Koch, 1846
exceptional species "Phiale" formosa ONLY! (1 species)
(disagrees with type species Phiale gratiosa C. L. Koch, 1846 )
See survey of CHRYSILLINES in vol. 2 at Phiale.
ATTENTION. Classification based on photographs by G. B. Edwards (below), similar to Freya, showing some details of structure of palpal organ requiring further clarification. As Edwards already noted (2015), it seems that tgenus Phiale deserves splitting.
Plate 180. A-E "Phiale" formosa . SOURCE: Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 55, f. 23A-K. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Philira Peckham, Peckham, 1896
Type species Paramarpissa tibialis (2 recognizable species, 3 in WSC)
See more species in vol. 2 at Philira
COMMENT.tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
Plate 181. A-H - Philira micans, I - Philira superba.SOURCES: A-B -Galiano 1963b Physis, 23 (66): 344, t 18, f 7 1961a, same - Comen. Mus. Argent. Cien. Zool. 3, 6: 166-169, t. 2, ff. 6-9, C-H - same Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 58, f. 25A-K,X, I -Caporiacco, 1948a: 713, f. 142-143. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Platycryptus Hill, 1979
Type species Aranea undata De Geer, 1778 (4 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Platycryptus
COMMENT.Tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
Plate 171. A-C, F - Platycryptus undatus, D-E - Platycryptus californicus.
SOURCES: A - Paquin P., Duperre N. 2003. Fabreries, Suppl. 11: 200, f 2239-2241, D-E - Barnes R. D. 1958. Am. Mus. Novit. 1867: 36-39, f 55-56, 62, 65, 67, 69, E - ©Phot K. Collins, from "Peckhamia", D. E. Hill. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Proctonemesia Bauab, Soares, 1978
Type species Proctonemesia multicaudata Bauab & Soares, 1978b (1 recognizable species, 2 in WSC)
See more species in vol. 2 at Proctonemesia
Plate 182. Proctonemesia multicaudata .SOURCES: Bauab Vianna,Soares 1978b. Revista bras. Biol., 38 (1): 25, f 1-9. X. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Psecas C. L. Koch, 1851
Type speciesPsecas cyaneus [no palps illustrated]
representative species - P. zonatus] (8 recognizable species, 13 in WSC)
See more species in vol. 2 at Psecas
tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
Plate 183. A - Psecas cyaneus - HOLOTYPE, B - Psecas euoplus, C-D - Psecas chapoda, E - Psecas zonatus.
SOURCES: A - Proszynski 1984a. Atlas rysunków diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Rolniczo-Pedagogiczne,  Siedlce: 163, B - Chickering 1946. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 97: 99 f 89-95, C- ©Phot G. B. Edwards., D-E - Galiano 1963b. Physis, 23 (66): 424, t. 32, f 14-18; 425-427, t. 32, f 1-2. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   

Gen. Sumampattus Galiano, 1983
Type species Eustiromastix pantherinus Mello-Leitão, 1942 (4 recognizable species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Sumampattus )
tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
Plate 185. A-E - Sumampattus pantherinus. SOURCES: A - Galiano 1983. Physis C, 41 (101): 152-155, f 5-10, 13-1, B-E - Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 61, f. 27A-N. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
COMMENT. The above documentation to Sumampattus illustrate well quality requirements: photographs are necessary to verify quality of diagnostic drawings, however, in the case of Galiano no verification is needed, her drawings show correctly necessary details. Photographs of epigyne (D) are of poor quality, even soft tissues are not cleared. Habitus photos are substandard because show dead discolored specimens and in too small magnification.
   
Gen. Tarkas Edwards, 2015
 Type species Cyrene maculatipes F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 (1 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Tarkas )
tibial apophysis does not fit, bulbus & embolus OK
Plate 186. A - Tarkas maculatipes, B-I - same, from Belize.SOURCES:. A - Galiano 2001. J. Arachnology: 34, f. 14-16, B-I - Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 63, f. 28A-E, G-O. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   

Gen. Trydarssus nobilitatus. Galiano, 1995
Type species Trydarssus nobilitatus. (2 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Trydarssus )
Plate 187. A-E - Trydarssus nobilitatus. SOURCES:. Galiano 1995a. Bol. Soc. Biol. Conc., 66: 106-107, Plate 2, 7-10, 13, 14, 18, 19; Richardson, 2010. Salticidae of Chile. Zootaxa 2418: 42, f. 119-123. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
Plate 188. Trydarssus pantherinus - details of male palpal organ (for abbreviations see original paper).
SOURCES: Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 67, f. 31A-O. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Wedoquella Galiano, 1984
Type species Wedoquella denticulata (3 recognizable species).
See more species in vol. 2 at Wedoquella
Plate 189. A-C, D - Wedoquella denticulatam, E-J - Wedoquella macrothecata.
SOURCES: A-D - Galiano M.E.1984a. J. Arachnol., 11: 345-347, f 4-6, 10-11, 16-17, E-J - Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 71, f. 33A-M. © Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.
   
Gen. Xanthofreya Edwards, 2015
Type species Xanthofreya rustica. (3 species)
See more species in vol. 2 at Xanthofreya
Plate 190. A-G - Xanthofreya rustica.SOURCES: A-C, F-G - Edwards, 2015: Zootaxa 4036 (1): 76, f. 36A-N. © Magnolia Press, D-E - Photo Gita Bodner. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.